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     Contents
   Preface xxi
   Informatlon Update Service xxvii
   Introduction xxix
   Part 1 Mobile Computing Power: Vision, Potential
   Applications, and Economics
   Chapter 1. Mobile Computing Power: Promises, Potential
    and Challenges
    AboutThis Chapter
    1.1 The Promises
    1.1.1 AreThese Promises Being Fulfilled?
    1.2 ThePotential
    1.3 The Challenge of Reallzing Mobile Computing's Potential
    Summary
   Chapter 2. Moblle Computing Applications
    AboutThis Chapter
    2.1 Characteristics of Mobile-Worthy Appllcatlons
    2.1.1 The First-Generation Nature of Mobile Computlng
    Applications
    2.1.2 Defining a Mobile-Aware Application Design
    2.2 Horizontal Mobile Computing Appllcations
    2.2.1 Electronic Mail
    2.2.2 Electronic Messaging via Paglng
    2.2.3 Sales Force Automation
    2.2.4 FileTransferAppllcatlon
    2.2.5 Multimedia
    2.3 Generlc Horizontal Appllcatlons Requiring Extensive Customization
    2.3.1 Database Access from an Information Server
    2.3.2 Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAO)
    2.3.3 Intrasite and Intersite Mobllity Appllcatlon
    2.3.4 Marine Ship-to-Shore Connectlvlty Applicatlons
    2.3.5 GPS- and GLS-Based Appllcations
    2.3.6 Field Audlt and Inspection Application
    2.3.7 Disaster Recovery Appllcations of Wireless Networks
    and Mobile Computing
    2.4 Vertical Applications: Industry Speciflc
    2.4.1 Financial Industry: Insurance and Financial Planning
    2.4.2 Financial Industry: Banks
    2.4.3 Financial Industry: Stock Trading
    2.4.4 Mobile Computing in the Retail and Distribution Industries
    2.4.5 Airline and Railway Industries
    2.4.6 Wlreless Networks in the Manufacturing and Mining
    Industries
    2.4.7 Health Care Applications
    2.4.8 Public Sector: Law Enforcement and Public Safety
    2.4.9 Public Sector: General Office
    2.4.10 Public Sector: Natural Resources and Environmental
    Control
    2.4.11 Public Sector: Miscellaneous Applications
    2.4.12 Utilities
    2.4.13 Transportation (Courier and Trucking) Industry
    2.4.14 Car Rental Agency Application
    2.4.15 Electronic News Communication
    2.4.16 Hospitality Industry
    2.5 Miscellaneous Industry Applications
    2.5.1 AutomatedToll Collection
    2.5.2 Automated Information Collection: Meter Reading
    2.5.3 Electronic Maps for Real Estate, Insurance Appraisers
    and Others
    2.5.4 Special Events: Sports, Exhibitions, and Conferences
    2.6 Application Case Studies
    2.6.1 UPS Parcel Delivery Status Application
    2.6.2 Ontario Government Public Safety Pilot Project
    Summary
   Chapter 3. Business Process Reengineering: Moblle Computing
    as Enabling Technology
    AboutThisChapter
    3.1 What Is BPR?
    3.2 The Need for Reengineerlng Current Business Processes
    3.2.1 BPR in the Mobile Computing Context
    3.3 Steps Involved in BPR
    3.4 Mobile Computing aa Enabler of Reengineering
    3.5 BPR Examples
    3.5.1 Courier Industry Application
    3.5.2 Law Enforcement-Electronlc Citation/Ticket Application
    3.6 Principles of Business Innovatlon
    Summary
   Chapter 4. The Business Case for Mobile Computing
    AboutThisChapter
    4.1 Methodology for Developing a Business Case
    4.1.1 Quantifying Unquantiflable Benetits
    4.1.2 Enhanced Welght Asslgnment Scheme
    4.1.3 Overall Process for Evaluatlng Tangible and Intangible
    Costs and Beneflts
    4.2 Costs
    4.2.1 Tangible Costs
    4.2.2 Intanglble Costs
    4.3 Beneflts
    4.3.1 Tanglble Benefits
    4.3.2 Intangible Benefits
    4.4 Return on Investment
    4.5 Industry Experience of Return on Investment
    Summary
   Part 2 End-to-End Mobile Computing Technology
    Architecture
   Chapter 5. An End-to-End Technology Architecture for
    Mobile Computing
    About This Chapter
    5.1 Moblle Business Users' Interconnectivity Needs and Factors
    Affecting Technology Archltecture
    5.2 Hardware Technology Architecture
    5.2.1 Characteristlcs of a Basic Moblle Computlng Configuration
    5.2.2 Characteristlcs of a Large Mobile Computlng Conflguration
    5.3 Network Architecture for Mobile Computing
    5.3.1 Simple Wireless Network Model
    5.3.2 Hierarchlcal Architecture of a Wireless Network
    5.3.3 Wiretess Network Characteristlcs
    5.4 Software Technology Archltecture
    5.4.1 Current State of Software Architecture for Mobile
    Computlng
    5.4.2 Software Components
    5.5 Logical Technology Archltecture
    5.5.1 Appllcatlon Data Flow Architecture
    5.5.2 System Control Flow Archilecture
    5.6 Interoperability Considerations from an Architectural Perspective
    5.7 Technology Principles for an Integrated Architectural Framework
    5.8 Methodology for Developing a Technology Architecture
    Summary
   Part 3 Mobile Computing Components
    Chapter 6. End-User Devices for Mobile Computing
    AboutThisChapter
    6.1 Notebooks and Powerbooks
    6.1.1 Hardware Architecture
    6.1.2 Considerations In the Selectlon of Notebooks for
    Moblle Appllcations
    6.2 The Pen-Based Computer: A Slightly Ditferent Notebook
    6.2.1 Palmpad Version ot Pen-Based Notebooks
    6.3 Handheld Computers
    6.4 Personal Digltal Assistants (PDAs)
    6.4.1 Newton MessagePad
    6.4.2 Simon
    6.4.3 Evolutlon of PDAs
    6.5 Pagers
    6.6 Mobile Printers
    6.7 PC Card (PCMCIA) Peripherals
    6.7.1 PCMCIA Memory Cards
    6.7.2 Removable Hard Disk PC Cards
    6.7.3 PC Card (PCMCIAs) lor LAN: Wired and Wireless
    6.7.4 PC Card (PCMCIA) for Modem: Wired and Wireless
    6.7.5 PC Card (PCMCIA) Wireless Radio Modems
    6.7.6 PC Card (PCMCIA) ISDN Cards
    6.7.7 PC Card (PCMCIA) Paging Cards
    6.7.8 PC Card for Global Positioning System
    6.7.9 Multlmedia PC Cards
    6.7.10 Encryptlon PC (PCMCIA) Cards
    6.7.11 Multifunction PCMCIA Cards
    6.8 Mobile Fax Machines
    6.9 Specialized End-User Devices
    6.10 Infrared Links for Peripheral Devices
    Summary
   Chapter 7. Wireless LANs: A Platform tor Mobile Computing
    in Metropolitan Areas
    AboutThis Chapter
    7.1 The Need (or Wireless LANs
    7.2 The Differences between Wired and Wlreless LANs
    7.3 Three Major Scenarlos of Wlreless LAN Implementations
    7.3.1 TrueWirelessLAN
    7.3.2 Flexible Mobile LANs
    7.3.3 LAN-to-LAN Bridglng in a Campus Environment
    7.4 Wlreless LAN Components
    7.5 How Does Wireless LAN Technology Work?
    7.5.1 Understanding the Basic Terms
    7.5.2 Technologies and Prequencies
    7.6 Wlreless LAN Products
    7.7 Wireless LAN Applications
    7.7.1 Health Care Industry
    7.7.2 Industrlal and Manufacturing Industries
    7.7.3 StockTradingFloor
    7.7.4 Hospitality Industry
    7.7.5 Retail Industry
    7.7.6 Distributlon Industry
    7.7.7 All Industries: LAN Brldging
    7.8 Wireless LANTechnology Evaluatlon Considerations
    7.9 Deslgn and Implementation Consideratlons for Wlreless LANs
    7.10 Wlreless LAN Market
    Summary
   Chapter 8. Wireless/Radlo Networks: Mobile Computing's
    Information Highways
    AboutThls Chapter
    8.1 Theory of Radlo Communlcatlons
    8.1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum
    8.1.2 Use of Radlo Frequencies for Different Forms of Wireless
    Communication
    8.1.3 Modulatlon Process: Addlng Informatlon to the
    Electromagnetlc Spectrum
    8.1.4 Basic Multlplexing Techniques tor Wireless/Radio:
    Uslng Frequency Efficiently
    8.1.5 Stretching the Frequency Use/Frequency Reuse Concept
    In WlrelessTechnology
    8.2 Components of a Wireless/Fiadio Network
    8.2.1 Base Statlons
    8.2.2 Repeaters
    8.2.3 Satellltes as Repeaters for Wireless Networks
    8.2.4 Hlgher-Level Nodes tor Wlreless Networks
    8.2.5 Connection of Wireless Networks to a Wlred Infrastructure
    8.2.6 General Conslderatlons Affectlng Performance of Radlo
    Transmlssions
    8.3 Specialized Moblle Radio (SMR) Networks
    8.3.1 What Is an SMR?
    8.3.2 Common Applications and an Example ot SMR Service
    8.3.3 Allocated Frequency Band and FCC Regulations for SMR
    8.3.4 SMR Llcensing Requirements
    8.3.5 Components ot an SMR System
    8.3.6 TheSMRIndustryToday
    8.3.7 Typical Cost of an SMR System
    8.4 Specialty Networks: Paglng and Wlreless Messaglng
    8.4.1 Paging Networks
    8.4.2 RadioMail
    8.4.3 SkyTel Network
    8.5 Cellular Networks
    8.5.1 Basics of Cellular Transmission
    8.5.2 Clrouit-Swltched Cellular for Data
    8.5.3 CDPD
    8.5.4 Comparison of CDPD and Cirouit-Switched Cellular Data
    8.6 Packet Radlo Data Networks
    8.6.1 AROIS Packet Radio Network
    8.6.2 RAM Mobitex Packet Radio Network
    8.7 Enhanced Speciallzed Mobile Radlo (ESMR) Networks
    8.7.1 NexTel Network Description
    8.7.2 Geotek
    8.8 PCS/PCN
    8.8.1 Theory Behlnd the PCS Vlsion
    8.8.2 Components of a PCS Network
    8.8.3 Technologies and Standards Behind PCS
    8.8.4 PCS Functions and Mobile Computing Applications
    8.8.5 Where Is PCS Now?
    8.8.6 Integration with Current CellularTechnology
    8.8.7 PCS Cost Considerations
    8.8.8 Comparison wlth Other Networks
    8.9 Global System for Mobile Communlcations (GSM)
    8.10 Satellite-Based Wireless Infrastructure Networks
    8.10.1 Satellite Networks:The Universal Wireless Networks
    8.10.2 LEO:IRIDIUM
    8.10.3 QUALCOMM's Satellite-Based OmniTRACS Network
    8.10.4 Other Satellite Systems
    8.11 Comparlson of the Features of Wlreless Networks
    8.12 Choosing the Right Network for Mobile Applications
    8.13 Wireless Network Design Issues
    Summary
   Chapter 9. The International Wireless Network Scene
    About This Chapter
    9.1 The Global Nature of Wireless Networks
    9.2 Canada: A PCS Country
    9.3 Europe'sGSMTechnology
    9.3.1 Basic Objectives of GSM
    9.3.2 Evolution of GSM Services
    9.3.3 Global Scope of the GSM
    9.3.4 Frequency Bands and Channels
    9.3.5 Components of a GSM Network
    9.3.6 Typical Costs of GSM Service
    9.3.7 GSH in the United States
    9.4 Europe: A GSM Continent
    9.4.1 England
    9.4.2 Germany
    9.4.3 France
    9.4.4 Other European Countries
    9.5 Japan
    9.6 Asia/Africa
    9.7 South America
    9.8 Mobltex and RAM Moblle Data Network Coverage Around the World
    Summary
   Chapter 10. Remote Network Access Solutions
    for Mobile Computing
    AboutThis Chapter
    10.1 RNA
    10.2 Buslness Users of RNA
    10.2.1 RNA Market Size
    10.2.2 Rapid but Haphazard Growth
    10.3 Remote Network Access Options
    10.3.1 Remote Termmal Emulation Mode
    10.3.2 Remote Control Mode
    10.3.3 Remote Node Mode
    10.3.4 General Purpose Remote Access Communications
    Server
    10.4 Components of RNA
    10.5 ISDN as a High-Speed Swltched Dlgltal Link for RNA
    10.5.1 WhatlslSDN?
    10.5.2 How Does ISDN Work?
    10.5.3 ISDN Reference Polnts
    10.5.4 ISDN Bandwidth Management Optlons
    10.5.5 How Much Ooes ISDN Cost?
    10.6 RNA Technology Issues
    10.6.1 Performance Optlmization in RNA Configurations
    10.7 Understanding the Benefits and Costs of RNA Solutions
    10.7.1 Benefits
    10.7.2 Typical Costs of an RNA Conflguratlon
    10.8 Wireless Network Support In RNA Servers
    Summary
   Chapter 11. Mobile Computing Communications Server/Switch
    About This Chapter
    11.1 The Loglcal Architecture of a Mobile Communicatlons
    Server/Switch
    11.2 Functional Description of a Generallzed MCSS
    11.2.1 Communications Services
    11.2.2 Protocol Conversion
    11.2.3 Gateway into Legacy Systems
    11.2.4 Transaction Switehing
    11.2.5 Miscellaneous MCSS Speciflcatlons
    11.2.6 Capaclty and Distributlon Issues
    11.2.7 Physical versus Logical Design: One/Multiple Boxes
    11.3 Low- and High-End MCSSs
    11.4 Prominent Industry Implementations of MCSS
    11.4.1 RNA Vendors' Communications Servers as MCSSs
    11.4.2 TEKnique's Speciallzed Wlreless Gateways
    11.4.3 Research in Motion's RIMGate Protocol Converter
    11.4.4 IBM'sARTour
    11.4.5 Motorola Radio/Wireless Controllers
    11.4.6 Custom-Developed MCSSs
    11.5 Selecting the Best MCSS
    Summary
   Chapter12. Mobile Computing Software
    About This Chapter
    12.1 Mobile Computlng Software Architecture Models
    12.2 The Overall Software Archltecture of Moblle Computlng
    12.3 Client Operating Systems and User Intertaces
    12.3.1 Do We Need a New OS for Moblle Devices?
    12.4 Client Device Software Drlvers and Network Connectlvity
    12.4.1 Early Mobile Connectlvity Software Approach
    12.4.2 Emerglng Moblle Connectivity Software Requlrements
    12.4.3 New Client Workstation Connectivity Software
    Arohitecture
    12.4.4 New Client Workstatlon Software Support of Mobile
    Application Model
    12.4.5 Approaches to Improving Mobile Connectivity Software
    Using Windows 95
    12.4.6 Packet Radlo Networks Look to Wlndows 95
    12.5 Client Workstation APIs
    12.5.1 Pen Computing API forWindows: A Step Up from the
    Keyboard
    12.5.2 Voice Input Software: Provlding Moblle Applicatlons
    with a Natural Interface
    12.5.3 RIM's RAO 1/O: Easing Mobile Application Development
    and Conversion
    12.5.4 General Magic's Application Interface: A Revolutionary
    New Approach
    12.5.5 Other PDA Operating Systems: GEOS and Newtoh
    Intelligence
    12.6 Middleware's Role in Mobile Computing
    12.6.1 What Is Middleware?
    12.6.2 What Does Middleware Do?
    12.6.3 Basic Principles of Messaging Mlddleware
    12.6.4 Role of Middleware in Mobile Computing:
    To Use It or Not to Use It?
    12.7 Protocol Conversion and Gateways to Legacy Applications
    12.8 Emerging Mobile Applicatlon Engines
    12.9 Two-Way Messaging Software Protocol for Paging Networks
    12.10 Agent-Based Client/Server Software Solutlons
    12.10.1 Agent-Based SoftwareTechnology
    12.11 The Transport Layer: Mobile TCP/IP
    Summary
    References
   Chapter 13. Mobile Computing Application Development
    Tools and Strategies
    About This Chapter
    13.1 Pen Application DevelopmentTools
    13.1.1 PenforWindowswithVB
    13.1.2 Pen-Based Application SDKs
    13.1.3 PenRightforWindows
    13.1.4 Pen for OS/2 SDK
    13.1.5 SDKs for PDA Application Development
    13.1.6 PDA Enterprise SDK
    13.1.7 Development Tools for Handheld Computers
    13.2 Network-Specific SDKs
    13.2.1 RAD-I/O (or RAM Mobltex Networks
    13.2.2 ARDIS's Wlreless SDK
    13.2.3 CDPD SDK
    13.2.4 Motorola RadioWare Program
    13.3 Agent-Based Client/Server Mobile Application Development Engines
    13.3.1 Oracle Moblle Agents
    13.3.2 Sybase Enterprise Messaglng System (EMS) for Mobile
    Computing
    13.3.3 IBM's AS/400 Mobile Network Access Engine
    13.4 Strategies for Mobile Appllcatlon Development Architectures
    13.4.1 What Is Dlfferent About Mobile Applicatlons?
    13.4.2 Current State of Mobile Computing Applicatlon
    Development
    13.4.3 Strategic Applicatlon Development Issues
    13.5 Strategies: Making Applications Mobile-Aware
    13.5.1 Systems or Infrastructure Design Considerations
    13.5.2 Applicatlon Design Considerations
    Summary
    References
    Part 4 Understanding the Vendor Offerings
   Chapter 14. Mobile Computing Vendor Product Strategies
    AboutThisChapter
    14.1 Mobile Computing Vendor Types
    14.2 Major Infrastructure Products Vendors
    14.2.1 Motorola
    14.2.2 Ericsson
    14.2.3 Northern Telecom
    14.2.4 IBM as a Mobile Computing Vendor
    14.3 Network Services Infrastructure Vendors
    14.3.1 ARDIS
    14.3.2 RAM Mobile Data (RAM)
    14.3.3 QUALCOMM
    14.3.4 AT&T
    14.3.5 The CDPD Vendor Forum
    14.3.6 SkyTel
    14.3.7 RadioMail
    14.4 Full-Service Solutions Suppliers
    14.4.1 Telxon
    14.4.2 Norand
    14.4.3 Psion
    14.5 Mobile Computing Component Suppliers
    14.5.1 End-User Hardware Suppliers
    14.5.2 PC Card (PCMCIA) Adapter Supplier: Xircom
    14.5.3 Wireless LAN Suppliers
    14.6 Mobile Communications Server/Swltch and Connectivity
    Software Suppliers
    14.6.1 Wireless MCSS Suppllers
    14.6.2 RNAVendors
    14.7 Software Suppliers: Mlddleware and Applicatlon Software
    14.7.1 Oracle Corporatlon
    14.7.2 Sybase
    14.8 Application Development Companies
    14.9 Mobile Communications and Appllcation Integratlon
    Services Vendors
    14.9.1 Racotek
    14.9.2 Xcellnet
    14.10 Mobile Computlng Innovation Vendor: General Magic
    14.11 Systems Integratlon Companies
    14.12 Mobile Computing Value-Added Resellers (VARs)
    Appendlx A Mobile Computing Products and Services
    Appendix B Mobile Computing Vendors
    Appendix C Mobile Computing Standards
    Appendlx D Spectrum Allocation
    Appendlx E Mobile Computing Information Resources
    Appendix F. Rule-of-Thumb Costs forVarious Mobile
    Computing Components