Preface by Halliday
F9
王宗炎序 F10
导读
List of symbols used
F35
Preface to the second edition
F37
Thanks
F38
How to use this book
1
1 Introduction
3
2 The production of speech sounds
2.1 Articulators above the larynx
2.2 Vowel and consonant
2.3 English short vowels
3 Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthonge
18
3.1 Long and short vowels
3.2 Diphthongs
3.3 Triphthongs
4 Voicing and consonants
26
4.1 The larynx
4.2 Respiration and voicing
4.3 Plosives
4.4 English plosives
4.5 Fortis and lenis
5 The phoneme
36
5.1 The phoneme
5.2 Symbols and transcription
5.3 Phonology
6 Fricatives and affricates
47
6.1 Production of fricatives and affricates
6.2 The fricatives of English
6.3 The affricates
6.4 Fortis consonants
7 Nasals and other consonants
56
7.1 Nasals
7.2 I
7.3 r
7.4 j and w
8 The syllable
67
9 Strong and weak syllables
75
9.1 Strong and weak
9.2 The o vowel schwa
9.3 Close front and close back vowels
9.4 Syllabic consonants
10 Stress in simple words
85
10.1 The nature of stress
10.2 Levels of stress
10.3 Placement of stress within the word
11 Complex word stress
95
11.1 Complex words
11.2 Suffixes
11.3 Prefixes
11.4 Compound words
11.5 Variable stress
11.6 Word-class pairs
12 Weak forms
102
13 Problems in phonemic analysis
110
13.1 Problems of analysis
13.2 Problems of assignment
14 Aspects of connected speech
120
14.1 Rhythm
14.2 Assimilation
14.3 Elision
14.4 Linking
15 Intonation 1
133
15.1 Form and function in intonation
15.2 Tone and tone languages
15.3 Complex tones and pitch height
15.4 Some functions of English tones
16 Intonation 2
144
16.1 The tone-unit
16.2 The structure of the tone-unit
16.3 Pitch possibilities in the simple tone-unit
17 Intonation 3
152
17.1 Fall-rise and rise-fall tones followed by a tail
17.2 High and Iow heads
17.3 Problems in analysing the form of intonation
18 Functions of intonation 1
163
18.1 The attitudinal function of intonation
19 Functions of intonation 2
172
19.1 The accentual function of intonation
19.2 The grammatical function of intonation
19.3 The discourse function of intonation
19.4 Conclusions
20 Further areas of study in phonetics and
phonology
182
20.1 Distinctive features
20.2 Experimental phonetics
20.3 The study of variety
Recorded exercises
194
Tape Unit 2: English short vowels
195
Tape Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs
196
Tape Unit 4: Plosives
199
Tape Unit 5: Revision
201
Tape Unit 6: Fricatives and affricates
203
Tape Unit 7: Further consonants
205
Tape Unit 8: Consonant clusters
207
Tape Unit 9: Weak syllables
209
Tape Unit 10: Word stress
211
Tape Unit 11: Complex word stress
213
Tape Unit 12: Weak forms
215
Tape Unit 13: Revision
217
Tape Unit 14: Elisions
219
Tape Unit 15: Tones
220
Tape Unit 16: The tone-unit
221
Tape Unit 17: Intonation
223
Tape Unit 18: Intonation - extracts from conversation
224
Tape Unit 19: Transcription of connected speech
225
Tape Unit 20: Further practice on connected speech
227
Answers to written exercises
228
Answers to recorded exercises
239
Recommendations for general reading
248
Bibliography
251
Index
259
文库索引 263
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