计算机图形学（第二版）

第1章 计算机图形学综述                   
  11 计算机辅助设计                   
  12 图示图形学                   
  13 计算机艺术                   
  14 娱乐                   
  15 教学与培训                   
  16 可视化                   
  17 图像处理                   
  18 图形用户界面                    
                   
                   
   第2章 图形系统综述                    
  21 视频显示设备                   
  211 刷新式CRT                   
  212 光栅扫描显示器                   
  213 随机扫描显示器                   
  214 彩色CRT监视器                   
  215 直视存储管                   
  216 平板显示器                   
  217 三维观察设备                   
  218 立体感和虚拟现实系统                   
  22 光栅扫描系统                   
  221 视频控制器                    
  222 光栅扫描显示处理器                    
  23 随机扫描系统                   
  24 图形监视器与工作站                   
  25 输入设备                   
  251 键盘                    
  252 鼠标                    
  253 跟踪球和空间球                    
  254 操纵杆                    
  255 数据手套                    
  256 数字化仪                    
  257 图像扫描仪                    
  258 触摸板                    
  259 光笔                    
  2510 声音系统                    
  26 硬拷贝设备                   
  27 图形软件                   
  271 坐标表示                    
  272 图形功能                    
  273 软件标准                    
  274 PHIGS工作站                    
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
                   
  第3章 输出图元                   
  31 点和线                   
  32 画线算法                   
  321 DDA算法                   
  322 Bresenham画线算法                   
  323 并行画线算法                   
  33 帧缓冲器的装载                   
  34 画线函数                   
  35 圆生成算法                   
                   
  351 圆的特性                   
  352 中点圆算法                   
  36 椭圆生成算法                   
  361 椭圆的特征                   
  362 中点椭圆算法                   
  37 其他曲线                   
  371 圆锥曲线                   
  372 多项式和样条曲线                   
  38 并行曲线算法                   
  39 曲线函数                   
  310 像素编址和物体的几何表示                   
  3101 屏幕网格坐标                   
  3102 保留显示的物体的几何特性                   
  311填充区域图元                   
  3111 扫描线多边形填充算法                   
  3112 内-外测试                   
  3113 曲线边界区域的扫描线填充                   
  3114 边界填充算法                   
  3115 泛滥填充算法                   
  312  区域填充函数                   
  313  单元阵列                   
  314  字符生成                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
                   
  第4章 输出图元的属性                     
                   
  41 线属性                   
  411 线型                   
  412 线宽                   
  413 画笔或笔刷的选择                   
  414 线颜色                   
  42 曲线属性                   
  43 颜色和亮度等级                   
  431 颜色表                   
  432 灰度等级                   
  44 区域填充属性                   
  441 填充模式                   
  442 图案填充                   
  443 软填充                   
  45 字符属性                   
  451 文本属性                   
  452 标记属性                   
  46 束属性                   
  461 线的束属性                   
  462 区域填充束属性                   
  463 文本的束属性                   
  464 标记的束属性                   
  47 查询函数                   
  48 反走样                   
  481 直线段的过取样                   
  482 加权的像素掩模                   
  483 直线段的区域取样                   
  484 过滤技术                   
  485 像素移相                   
  486 直线亮度差的校正                   
  487 对区域边界进行反走样                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
  第5章 二维几何变换                     
                   
  5.1 基本变换                   
  5.1.1 平移                   
  5.1.2 旋转                   
  5.1.3 缩放                   
  5.2 矩阵表达式和齐次坐标                   
  5.3 复合变换                   
  5.3.1 平移                   
  5.3.2 旋转                   
  5.3.3 缩放                   
  5.3.4 通用基准点旋转                   
  5.3.5 通用固定点缩放                   
  5.3.6 通用定向缩放                   
  5.3.7 连接特性                   
  5.3.8 通用复合变换和计算效率                   
  5.4 其他变换                   
  5.4.1 反射                   
  5.4.2 错切                   
  5.5 坐标系间的变换                   
  5.6 仿射变换                   
  5.7 变换函数                   
  5.8 变换的光栅方法                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
                   
  第6章 二维观察                     
                   
  6.1 观察流程                   
  6.2 观察参照坐标系                   
  6.3 窗口到视口的坐标变换                   
  6.4 二维观察函数                   
  6.5 裁剪操作                   
  6.6 点的裁剪                   
  6.7 线段的裁剪                   
  6.7.1 CohenSutherland线段裁剪算法                   
  6.7.2 梁友栋Barsky线段裁剪算法                   
  6.7.3 NichollLeeNicholl线段裁剪算法                   
  6.7.4 非矩形裁剪窗口的线段裁剪                   
  6.7.5 划分凹多边形                   
  6.8 多边形的裁剪                   
  6.8.1 SutherlandHodgeman多边形裁剪                   
  6.8.2 WeilerAtherton算法                   
  6.8.3 其他多边形的裁剪算法                   
  6.9 曲线的裁剪                   
  6.10 文字的裁剪                   
  6.11 外部裁剪                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
                   
  第7章 结构和层次建模                     
                   
                   
  7.1 结构的概念                   
  7.1.1 基本结构函数                   
  7.1.2 设置结构属性                   
  7.2 编辑结构                   
  7.2.1 结构表和元素指针                   
  7.2.2 设置编辑模式                   
                   
  7.2.3 插入结构元素                   
  7.2.4 替代结构元素                   
  7.2.5 删除结构元素                   
  7.2.6 标识结构元素                   
  7.2.7 从一个结构中将元素复制到另一个结构                   
  7.3 基本建模概念                   
  7.3.1 模型表示                   
  7.3.2 符号层次                   
  7.3.3 建模软件包                   
  7.4 使用结构来建立层次式模型                   
  7.4.1 局部坐标和建模变换                   
  7.4.2 模型变换                   
  7.4.3 结构层次                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
  第8章 图形用户界面和交互输入方法                  
  8.1 用户对话                   
  8.1.1 窗口和图符                   
  8.1.2 适应多种熟练程度的用户                   
  8.1.3 一致性                   
  8.1.4 减少记忆量                   
  8.1.5 回退和出错处理                   
  8.1.6 反馈                   
  8.2 图形数据的输入                   
  8.2.1 输入设备的逻辑分类                   
  8.2.2 定位设备                   
  8.2.3 笔划设备                   
  8.2.4 字符串设备                   
  8.2.5 定值设备                   
  8.2.6 选择设备                   
  8.2.7 拾取设备                   
  8.3 输入功能                   
  8.3.1 输入模式                   
  8.3.2 请求模式                   
  8.3.3 请求模式下的定位和笔划输入                   
  8.3.4 请求模式下的字符串输入                   
  8.3.5 请求模式下的定值输入                   
  8.3.6 请求模式下的选择输入                   
  8.3.7 请求模式下的拾取输入                   
  8.3.8 取样模式                   
  8.3.9 事件模式                   
  8.3.10 输入模式的并行使用                   
  8.4 输入设备参数的初值                   
  8.5 交互式构图技术                   
  8.5.1 基本的定位方法                   
  8.5.2 约束                   
  8.5.3 网格                   
  8.5.4 引力场                   
  8.5.5 橡皮条方法                   
  8.5.6 拖曳                   
  8.5.7 着色和绘图                   
  8.6 虚拟现实环境                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
  第9章 三维概念                     
  9.1 三维显示方法                   
  9.1.1 平行投影                   
  9.1.2 透视投影                   
  9.1.3 深度提示                   
  9.1.4 可见线面的标识                   
  9.1.5 表面绘制                   
  9.1.6 分解图和剖面图                   
  9.1.7 三维和立体视图                   
  9.2 三维图形软件包                    
                   
                   
  第10章 三维物体的表示                    
                   
  10.1 多边形表面                   
  10.1.1 多边形表                   
  10.1.2 平面方程                   
  10.1.3 多边形网格                   
  10.2 曲线和曲面                   
  10.3 二次曲面                   
  10.3.1 球面                   
  10.3.2 椭球面                   
  10.3.3 环面                   
  10.4 超二次曲面                   
  10.4.1 超椭圆                   
  10.4.2 超椭球面                   
  10.5 柔性物体                   
  10.6 样条表示                   
  10.6.1 插值和逼近样条                   
  10.6.2 参数连续性条件                   
  10.6.3 几何连续性条件                   
  10.6.4 样条描述                   
  10.7 三次样条插值方法                   
  10.7.1 自然三次样条                   
  10.7.2 Hermite插值                   
  10.7.3 Cardinal样条                   
  10.7.4 KochanekBartels样条                   
  10.8 Bézier曲线和曲面                   
  10.8.1 Bézier曲线                   
  10.8.2 Bézier曲线的特性                   
  10.8.3 使用Bézier曲线的设计技术                   
  10.8.4 三次 Bézier曲线                   
  10.8.5 Bézier曲面                   
  10.9 B样条曲线和曲面                   
  10.9.1 B样条曲线                   
  10.9.2 均匀的周期性B样条曲线                   
  10.9.3 三次周期性B样条曲线                   
  10.9.4 开放均匀的B样条曲线                   
  10.9.5 非均匀B样条曲线                   
  10.9.6 B样条曲面                   
  10.10 beta样条                   
  10.10.1 beta样条连续性条件                   
  10.10.2 三次周期性beta样条曲线的矩阵表示                   
                   
  10.11 有理样条                   
  10.12 两种样条表达式间的转换                   
  10.13 样条曲线和曲面的显示                   
  10.13.1 Horner规则                   
  10.13.2 向前差分计算                   
  10.13.3 细分方法                   
  10.14 扫描表示                   
  10.15 结构实体几何法                   
  10.16 八叉树                   
  10.17 BSP树                   
  10.18 分形几何方法                   
  10.18.1 分形生成过程                   
  10.18.2 分形分类                   
  10.18.3 分形的维数                   
  10.18.4 确定性自相似分形几何构造                   
  10.18.5 统计自相似分形的几何构造                   
  10.18.6 仿射分形构造方法                   
  10.18.7 随机中点位移方法                   
  10.18.8 地面图控制                   
  10.18.9 自平方分形                   
  10.18.10?自逆分形                   
  10.19 形状语法和其他过程性方法                   
  10.20 微粒系统                   
  10.21 基于物理的建模                   
  10.22 数据集的可视化                   
  10.22.1 标量场的可视化表示                   
  10.22.2 向量场的可视表示                   
  10.22.3 张量场的可视表示                   
  10.22.4 多变量数据场的可视表示                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
  第11章 三维几何和建模变换                    
                   
  11.1 平移                   
  11.2 旋转                   
  1121 坐标轴旋转                   
  1122 一般三维旋转                   
  1123 四元数旋转                   
  11.3 缩放                   
  11.4 其他变换                   
  1141 反射                   
  1142 错切                   
  11.5 复合变换                   
  11.6 三维变换函数                   
  11.7 建模变换和坐标变换                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
  第12章 三维观察                     
  12.1 观察流水线                   
  12.2 观察坐标                   
  1221 指定观察平面                   
  1222 从世界坐标到观察坐标的变换                   
  12.3 投影                   
  1231 平行投影                   
  1232 透视投影                   
  12.4 观察体和一般投影变换                   
  1241 一般平行投影变换                   
  1242 一般透视投影变换                   
  12.5 裁剪                   
  1251 规范化观察体                   
  1252 视口裁剪                   
  1253 齐次坐标裁剪                   
  12.6 硬件实现                   
  12.7 三维观察函数                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
  第13章 可见面判别算法                     
                   
                   
  13.1 可见面判别算法的分类                   
  13.2 后向面判别                   
  13.3 深度缓冲器算法                   
  13.4 A缓冲器算法                   
  13.5 扫描线算法                   
  13.6 深度排序算法                   
  13.7 BSP树算法                   
  13.8 区域细分算法                   
  13.9 八叉树算法                   
  13.10光线投射算法                   
  13.11 曲面                   
  13.11.1 曲面表示                   
  13.11.2 曲面的层位线显示                   
  13.12 线框算法                   
  13.13 可见性判别函数                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
  第14章 光照模型与面绘制算法                   
                   
  14.1 光源                   
  14.2 基本光照模型                   
  14.2.1 环境光                   
  14.2.2 漫反射                   
  14.2.3 镜面反射和Phong模型                   
  14.2.4 多光源漫反射和镜面反射的合并                   
  14.2.5 Warn模型                   
  14.2.6 强度衰减                   
  14.2.7 颜色                   
  14.2.8 透明度                   
  14.2.9 阴影                   
                   
  14.3 光强度显示                   
  14.3.1 分配强度等级                   
  14.3.2 gamma校正与视频查找表                   
  14.3.3 显示连续色调的图像                   
  14.4 半色调模式和抖动技术                   
  14.4.1 半色调近似                   
  14.4.2 抖动技术                   
  14.5 多边形绘制算法                   
  14.5.1 恒定光强度的明暗处理                   
  14.5.2 Gouraud明暗处理                   
  14.5.3 Phong明暗处理                   
  14.5.4 快速Phong明暗处理                   
  14.6 光线跟踪算法                   
  14.6.1 基本光线跟踪算法                   
  14.6.2 光线与物体表面的求交计算                   
  14.6.3 减少物体求交的计算量                   
  14.6.4 空间分割方法                   
  14.6.5 光线跟踪反走样                   
  14.6.6 分布式光线跟踪                   
  14.7 辐射度光照模型                   
  14.7.1 基本辐射度模型                   
  14.7.2 逐步求精的辐射度方法                   
  14.8 环境映射                   
  14.9 添加表面细节                   
  14.9.1 用多边形模拟表面细节                   
  14.9.2 纹理映射                   
  14.9.3 过程式纹理映射方法                   
  14.9.4 凹凸映射                   
  14.9.5 帧映射                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
                   
  第15章 颜色模型和颜色应用                    
                   
  15.1 光的特性                   
  15.2 标准基色和色彩图                   
  15.2.1 XYZ颜色模型                   
  15.2.2 CIE色度图                   
  15.3 直观的颜色概念                   
  15.4 RGB颜色模型                   
  15.5 YIQ颜色模型                   
  15.6 CMY颜色模型                   
  15.7 HSV颜色模型                   
  15.8 HSV和RGB模型之间的转换                   
  15.9 HLS颜色模型                   
  15.10 颜色选择及其应用                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
                   
  第16章 计算机动画                     
                   
  16.1 动画序列的设计                   
  16.2 通用计算机动画功能                   
  16.3 光栅动画                   
  16.4 计算机动画语言                   
  16.5 关键帧系统                   
  16.5.1 变形                   
  16.5.2 模拟加速度                   
  16.6 运动的描述                   
  16.6.1 直接运动描述                   
  16.6.2 目标导向系统                   
  16.6.3 运动学和动力学                   
  小结                   
  参考文献                   
  练习题                    
                   
   附录A 计算机图形学的数学基础                    
                   
  A.1 坐标参照系                   
                   
 A.1.1 二维笛卡儿参照系                   
 A.1.2 xy平面的极坐标                   
                   
 A.1.3 三维笛卡儿参照系                   
 A.1.4 三维曲线坐标系                   
                   
 A.1.5 立体角                   
  A.2 点与向量                   
                   
 A.2.1 向量加与定比例乘                   
 A.2.2 两向量的标量积                   
                   
 A.2.3 两向量的向量积                   
  A.3 基向量和度量张量                   
                   
 A.3.1 正交基                   
 A.3.2 度量张量                   
                   
  A.4 矩阵                   
 A.4.1 标量乘法与矩阵加法                   
                   
 A.4.2 矩阵乘法                   
 A.4.3 矩阵转置                   
                   
 A.4.4 矩阵的秩                   
 A.4.5 矩阵的逆                   
                   
  A.5 复数                   
  A.6 四元数                   
                   
  A.7 非参数表示                   
  A.8 参数表示                   
                   
  A.9 数值方法                   
 A.9.1 求解线性方程组                   
                   
 A.9.2 非线性方程的求根                   
 A.9.3 积分估值                   
                   
 A.9.4 为数据集拟合曲线