Listofcontributors
Preface
PartⅠFundamentalsandprinciples
1Publicperceptionofbiotechnology
1.1Introduction
1.2Publicawarenessofgeneticengineering
1.3Regulatoryrequirements-safetyofgeneticallyengineeredfoods
1.4Labelling-howfarshoulditgo?
1.5Policymaking
1.6Areasofsignificantpublicconcern
1.7Conclusions
1.8Furtherreading
2Biochemistryandphysiologyofgrowthandmetabolism
2.1Introduction
2.2Metabolism
2.3Catabolicpathways
2.4Gluconeogenesis
2.5Energyproductioninaerobicmicro-organisms
2.6Anaerobicmetabolism
2.7Biosynthesis
2.8Controlofmetabolicprocesses
2.9Efficiencyofmicrobialgrowth
2.10Furtherreading
3StoichiometryandKineticsofmicrobialgrowthfromathermodynamicperspective
Nomenclature
3.1Introduction
3.2Stoichiometrycalculations
3.3StoichiometrypredictionsbasedonGibbsenergydissipation
3.4Growthkineticsfromathermodynamicpointofview
3.5Furtherreading
4Genomemanagementandanalysis：prokaryotes
4.1Introduction
4.2Bacterialchromosomesandnaturalgenetransfer
4.3Whatisgeneticengineeringandwhatisitusedfor?
4.4Thebasictoolsofgeneticengineering
4.5Cloningvectorsandlibraries
4.6Analysisofgenomes/proteomes
4.7Analysisofgeneexpression
4.8Engineeringgenesandoptimisingproducts
4.9Productionofheterologousproducts
4.10Insilicoanalysisofbacterialgenomes
4.11Furtherreading
5Geneticengineering：yeastsandfilamentousfungi
Glossary
5.1Introduction
5.2IntroducingDNAintofungi(fungaltransformation)
5.3Genecloning
5.4Genestructure,organisationandexpression
5.5Specialmethodologies
5.6Biotechnologicalapplicationsoffungi
5.7Furtherreading
6Microbialprocesskinetics
Nomenclature
6.1Introduction
6.2Kineticmodellingofcellgrowth
6.3Massbalancesforidealbioreactors
6.4Furtherreading
7Bioreactordesign
Nomenclature
7.1Introduction
7.2Bioreactorconfigurations
7.3Bioreactordesignfeatures
7.4Designforsterileoperation
7.5Photobioreactors
7.6Heattransfer
7.7Sheareffectsinculture
7.8Furtherreading
8Masstransfer
Nomenclature
8.1Introduction
8.2Themasstransfersteps
8.3Masstransferequations
8.4Determiningthevolumetricmasstransfercoefficients
8.5Theeffectofscaleonmasstransfer
8.6Furtherreading
9Downstreamprocessinginbiotechnology
9.1Introduction
9.2Downstreamprocessing:amultistageoperation
9.3Solid-liquidseparation
9.4Releaseofintracellularcomponents
9.5Concentrationofbiologicalproducts
9.6Purificationbychromatography
9.7Productformulation
9.8Monitoringofdownstreamprocessing
9.9Processintegration
9.10Furtherreading
10Measurementandcontrol
Nomenclature
10.1Introduction
10.2Structureofprocessmodels
10.3Kineticrateexpressions
10.4Advancedmodellingconsiderations
10.5Processsupervisionandcontrol
10.6Open-loopcontrol
10.7Closed-loopcontrol
10.8Conclusion
10.9Furtherreading
11Processeconomics
11.1Introduction
11.2Thestartingpoint
11.3Costestimates
11.4Processdesign
11.5Designexercise
11.6Capitalcostsestimates
11.7Operatingcostsestimates
11.8Thecostscase-tobuildornottobuild
11.9Furtherreading
PartⅡPracticalapplications
12Thebusinessofbiotechnology
12.1Introduction
12.2Whatisbiotechnologyusedfor?
12.3Biotechnologycompanies,theircareandnurturing
12.4Investmentinbiotechnology
12.5Whoneedsmanagement?
12.6Patentsandbiotechnology
12.7Conclusion:jumpingthefence
12.8Furtherreading
13Aminoacids
13.1Introduction
13.2Commericaluseofaminoacids
13.3Productionmethodsandtools
13.4L-Glutamate
13.5L-Lysine
13.6L-Threonine
13.7L-Phenylalanine
13.8L-Tryptophan
13.9L-Aspartate
13.10Outlook
13.11Acknowledgements
13.12Furtherreading
14Organicacids
14.1Introduction
14.2Citricacid
14.3Gluconicacid
14.4Lacticacid
14.5Otheracids
14.6Furtherreading
15Microbialpolyhydroxyalkanoates,polysaccharidesandlipids
15.1Introduction
15.2Microbialpolyhydroxyalkanoates
15.3Microbialpolysaccharides
15.4Microbiallipids
15.5Furtherreading
16Antibiotics
16.1Introduction
16.2Biosynthesis
16.3Strainimprovement
16.4Geneticengineering
16.5Analysis
16.6Culturepreservationandasepticpropagation
16.7Scale-up
16.8Fermentation
16.9Penicillins
16.10Cephalosporins
16.11Newβ-lactamtechnologies
16.12Aminoglycosides
16.13Macrolides
16.14Economics
16.15GoodManufacturingPractices
16.16Furtherreading
17Baker'syeast
Nomenclature
17.1Introduction
17.2Mediumforbaker'syeastproduction
17.3Aerobicethanolformationandconsumption
17.4Thefed-batchtechniqueusedtocontrolethanolproduction
17.5Industrialprocesscontrol
17.6Processoutline
17.7Furtherreading
18Productionofenzymes
18.1Introduction
18.2Enzymesfromanimalandplantsources
18.3Enzymesfrommicrobialsources
18.4Large-scaleproduction
18.5Biochemicalfundamentals
18.6Geneticengineering
18.7Recoveryofenzymes
18.8Isolationofsolubleenzymes
18.9Enzymepurification
18.10Immobilisedenzymes
18.11Legislativeandsafetyaspects
18.12Furtherreading
19Synthesisofchemicalsusingenzymes
19.1Introduction
19.2Hydrolyticenzymes
19.3Chiralbuildingblocksforsynthesis
19.4Reductionsandoxidations
19.5Useofenzymesinsugarchemistry
19.6Useofenzymestomakeaminoacidsandpeptides
19.7Furtherreading
20Recombinantproteinsofhighvalue
20.1Applicationsofhigh-valueproteins
20.2Analyticalenzymes
20.3Therapeuticproteins
20.4Regulatoryaspectsoftherapeuticproteins
20.5Outlooktothefutureofproteintherapies
20.6Furtherreading
21Mammaliancellculture
21.1Introduction
21.2Mammaliancelllinesandtheircharacteristics
21.3CommericalProducts
21.4Proteinglycosylation
21.5Mediaforthecultivationofmammaliancells
21.6Metabolism
21.7Large-scalecultivationofmammaliancells
21.8Geneticengineeringofmammaliancells
21.9Furtherreading
22Biotransformations
22.1Introduction
22.2Biocatalystselection
22.3Biocatalystimmobilisationandperformance
22.4Immobilisedenzymereactors
22.5Biocatalysisinnon-conventionalmedia
22.6Concludingremarks
22.7Furtherreading
23Immunochemicalapplications
Glossary
23.1Introduction
23.2Antibodystructureandfunctions
23.3Antibodyproteinfragments
23.4Antibodyaffinity
23.5Antibodyspecificity
23.6Immunizationandproductionofpolyclonalantisera
23.7Monoclonalantibodies
23.8Antibodyengineering
23.9Combinatorialandphagedisplaylibraries
23.10Invitrousesofrecombinantandmonoclonalantibodies
23.11Invivousesofrecombinantandmonoclonalantibodies
23.12Furtherreading
24Environmentalapplications
24.1Introduction
24.2Treatmentofwastewater
24.3Digestionoforganicslurries
24.4Treatmentofsolidwastes
24.5Treatmentofwastegases
24.6Soilremediation
24.7Treatmentofgroundwater
24.8Furtherreading
Index
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