Part 1 Data Communications—Business Drivers and Networking Directions 1
Chapter 1. Data Communications—Past to Future 3
1.1 What is Network Design? 3
1.2 Defining Data Communications Needs 8
1.3 From Voice Networks to Data Networks 9
1.4 Current Network Infrastructure—The Telephone Network 13
1.5 The Data Revolution 18
1.6 The New World Data Manager or Engineer—Think Data Services 23
1.7 Outsourcing and Out-tasking Trends Continue 28
1.8 Review 38
Chapter 2. Computer and Information Networking Directions 41
2.1 Applications as Key Enablers 41
2.2 Communications Technologies as Enablers 51
2.3 Corporate Infrastructures are Changing 57
2.4 The Data Network of the 2000s 68
2.5 Review 79
Part 2 Standards and Services 81
Chapter 3. Understanding the Standards and Their Makers 83
3.1 Creating Standards—The Players 83
3.2 Creating Standards—The Process 85
3.3 Standards and Specification Bodies 89
3.4 Current Forums 100
3.5 Review 105
Chapter 4. Protocol and Transmission Basics 107
4.1 Basic Protocol-Layering Concepts 108
4.2 Layered Reference Models—The OSIRM 110
4.3 Layers of the OSI Reference Model 112
4.4 Standard Computer Architectures 116
4.5 Digital Time Division Multiplexing(TDM)and the Digital Hierarchy 131
4.6 Basics and History of ISDN 133
4.7 Definition of Network Services 137
4.8 Review 140
4.9 References 141
Part 3 The Basics-Transmission, Networks, Hardware , and Switching 143
Chapter 5. transmissions, Networks ,and Hardware Types 145
5.1 General Network Topologies 145
5.2 Connection and Circuit Types and Services 152
5.3 Private Leased Lines vs. Switched Networks 156
5.4 Data Transmission Methods 160
5.5 Hardware Distinctions 163
5.6 Review 185
Chapter 6. Multiplexing and Switching Technologies—An Overview 187
6.1 Multiplexing Technologies 187
6.2 Types of Multiplexers 196
6.3 Switching Techniques 204
6.4 Circuit Switching Methods 212
6.5 Packet-Switching Technologies 219
6.6 Review 225
Part 4 Protocols and Interfaces 227
Chapter 7. Common Protocols and Interfaces—Part1 229
7.1 Basic Concepts 229
7.2 Physical Layer Protocols and Interfaces 232
7.3 Data Link Later Protocols 244
7.4 LLC and MAC Sublayer Protocols 253
7.5 Switching In the LAN Environment 271
7.6 Review 278
Chapter 8. Common Protocols and Interfaces—Part2 279
8.1 Bridge Protocols 279
8.2 Router Protocols 282
8.3 Network and Transport Layer Protocols—The Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) 288
8.4 Legacy SNA 297
8.5 IBM SNA/SDLC Migration to LAN/WAN Internetworking 304
8.6 APPC/APPN 316
8.7 Review 320
Chapter 9. X.25 Packet Switching 321
9.1 A Brief History of Packet Switching 321
9.2 X.25 Packet Switching Defined 326
9.3 Theory of Operation 330
9.4 X.25 Interface Protocol Structures 337
9.5 Network Layer Functions 342
9.6 User Connectivity 351
9.7 Performance and Design Considerations 356
9.8 X.75 Internetworking Protocol 357
9.9 Advantages and Drawbacks 358
9.10 Review 359
Chapter 10. Frame Relay, Part 1—Theory 361
10.1 Origins and Standards of Frame Relay 362
10.2 Frame Relay Defined 363
10.3 The Many Faces of Frame Relay—Interface, Signaling Protocol, and Service 369
10.4 Transmission and Signaling Protocol Structure 384
10.5 Transmission Protocol Theory 391
10.6 Fame Relay Addressing 404
10.7 User-Definable Services 409
10.8 Review 413
Chapter 11. Frame Relay, Part 2—Application, Services, and Design 415
11.1 Multiple Standards Develop 416
11.2 FR Parameters and Sizing 422
11.3 Traffic and Congestion Control Aspects of Frame Relay (CIR,EIR,FECN,BECN,CLLM):Design lssues 431
11.4 Public Network FR Services 434
11.5 Public Frame Relay Network Architectures 444
11.6 Access Design Issues 449
11.7 Performance Design Issues 456
11.8 Pricing, Rates and Tariffs 461
11.9 Review 465
Chapter 12. SMDS 467
12.1 Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) Defined 467
12.2 Subscriber Interface and Access Protocols 472
12.3 Addressing and Traffic Control 479
12.4 SMDS and DQDB Protocol Structures 484
12.5 SMDS and DQDB Architecture 489
12.6 SMDS Internetworking—Bridging and Routing 496
12.7 Performance 499
12.8 Design Considerations 505
12.9 Review 509
Chapter 13. ATM,Part 1 511
13.1 ATM Defined 512
13.2 The Many Faces of ATM—Architecture, Technology, and Service 513
13.3 The ATM Cell and Transmission 514
13.4 ATM Networking Basics 519
13.5 Theory of Operation 524
13.6 B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model 527
13.7 The Plane -Layer Truth—An Overview 528
13.8 Physical (PHY) Layer 530
13.9 ATM Layer—Protocol Model 536
13.10 ATM Layer and Cell—Definition 538
13.11 The Traffic Contract and Quality of Service (QOS) 543
13.12 Traffic Descriptor 550
13.13 Traffic and Congestion Control Defined 552
13.14 Methods of Congestion Control 552
13.15 Review 553
Chapter 14. ATM, Part 2 555
14.1 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)—Protocol Model 556
14.2 User Plane Overview 565
14.3 Control Plane AAL 572
14.4 Management Plane 581
14.5 Data Exchange Interface (DXI) 582
14.6 ATM Public Services 587
14.7 Challenges 589
14.8 Review 591
Chapter 15. SONET 593
15.1 Terms Defined 593
15.2 Standards 595
15.3 SONET Structure 593
15.4 Frame Format and OAM Elements 602
15.5 SONET Hardware 612
15.6 Interfaces 621
15.7 Advantages and Disadvantages 623
15.8 Performance and Design Considerations 625
15.9 Review 626
Part 5 Requirements, Planning, and Choosing Technology 627
Chapter 16. Requirements Definition 629
16.1 User Requirements—The User's Viewpoint 629
16.2 User Requirements—The Designer's Viewpoint 633
16.3 Traffic Characteristics Defined 635
16.4 Traffic Characteristics Defined 635
16.5 Protocols 644
16.6 Time and Delay Considerations 646
16.7 Connectivity 651
16.8 Availability, Reliability, and Maintainability 654
16.9 Amount of User Control 655
16.10 Expandability, Scalability, and Evolution 655
16.11 Service Aspects 656
16.12 Budget Constraints 658
16.13 Politics 659
16.14 Review 659
Chapter 17. Traffic Engineering and Capacity Planning 661
17.1 Throughput Calculations 662
17.2 Traffic Engineering Basics—Traffic Characteristics and Source Models 664
17.3 Traditional Traffic Engineering 669
17.4 Queued Data and Packet-Switched Traffic Modeling 671
17.5 Designing for Peaks 690
17.6 Delay 692
17.7 Availability and Reliability 700
17.8 Reaction to Extreme Situations 705
17.9 Network Performance Modeling 706
17.10 Creating the Traffic Matrix 707
17.11 Capacity Planning and Network Vision 711
17.12 Review 712
Chapter 18. Technology and Service Comparisons 715
18.1 Circuit, Message, Packet, and Cell-Switching Methods 715
18.2 Packet-Switching Service Aspects 719
18.3 Generic Packet-Switching Network Characteristics 721
18.4 Private versus Public Networking 723
18.5 Public Network Service Selection 725
18.6 Business Aspects of Packet, Frame, and Cell-Switching Services 729
18.7 High-Speed LAN Protocols Comparison 737
18.8 Application Performance Needs 738
18.9 Review 742
Part 6 Choosing the Service Provider 743
Chapter 19. The Service Provider Selection Process 745
19.1 The Request for Information (RFI) 746
19.2 The Request for Proposal (RFP) Process 747
19.3 Choosing the Vendor(s) 750
19.4 The Vendor-Designer Relationship 758
19.5 Strategic User-Vendor Agreements 759
19.6 Service Levels 760
19.7 Network and Systems Management Capabilities 761
19.8 Future Business of Your Company 763
19.9 Review 763
Part 7 Network Design and Management 765
Chapter 20. Access Network Design 767
20.1 Access and Backbone level Design Defined 767
20.2 Network Access Requirements 769
20.3 Access Network Capacity Requirements 775
20.4 Style 782
20.5 Completing the Access Network Design 791
20.6 Diverse, Remote, and Telecommuting Options 796
20.7 Integrated Access 800
20.8 Review 800
Chapter 21. Backbone Network Design 803
21.1 Backbone Requirements 803
21.2 Backbone Network Capacity Required 809
21.3 Styles of Topologies 817
21.4 Backbone Topology strategies 823
21.5 Network Management 827
21.6 Total Network Timing 827
21.7 Tuning the Network 827
21.8 Review 832
Chapter 22. Addressing and Routing Design 833
22.1 Overview of Addressing 833
22.2 IP Address Design 836
22.3 IP Address Design Primer 836
22.4 Novell IPX Addressing 847
22.5 Address Management 848
22.6 Classless InterDomain Routing(CIDR) 849
22.7 Review 849
Chapter 23. Operations and Network Management 851
23.1 Documentation 851
23.2 Organizational Responsibilities 852
23.3 Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning(OAM7&P) Defined 855
23.4 Network Management Defined 859
23.5 OSI Network Management Functional Model 861
23.6 ITU Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) 865
23.7 SNMP Defined 867
23.8 Remote Monitoring (RMON) 870
23.9 Trends in Network Management 872
23.10 Billing 879
23.11 Security 879
23.12 Training 881
23.13 When to Stop Designing and Start Implementing 881
23.14 Review 882
Chapter 24. Design and Management Tools 883
24.1 Design Tools 883
24.2 Terminology 884
24.3 Categories of Tools 884
24.4 Classes of Design Tools 886
24.5 Components of Design Projects 889
24.6 Types of Design Projects 892
24.7 Requirements 892
24.8 Commercial Tools 898
24.9 Summary of Design Tools 905
24.10 How Often to Optimize? 905
24.11 Review 905
Chapter 25. International Net works 907
25.1 International Data Network Types 907
25.2 The Changing Role of PTTs 908
25.3 Transmission Networks 913
25.4 The IVAN/IVPDN Market 914
25.5 International Design 915
25.6 Review 916
Appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations 917
Appendix B Standards Sources 927
Appendix C IP Mask Reference Table 931
Appendix D IP Network Addressing Reference 933
Bibliography 955
Index 959
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