CONTENTS
PART 1 Background 1
Chapter 1 Data Communications and Network Management Overview 3
1.1 Analogy of Telephone Network Management 4
1.2 Data (Computer) and Telecommunication Network 7
1.3 Distributed Computing Environments 12
1.4 TCP/IP--Based Networks: The Internet and intranets 16
1.5 Communications Protocols and Standards 20
1.5.1 Communication Architectures 21
1.5.2 Protocol Layers and Services 26
1.6 Case Histories of Networking and Management 32
1.6.1 Case History l: The Importance of Topology ("The Case of the Footprint") 32
1.6.2 Case History 2: Filtering Does Not Reduce Load on Node 33
1.6.3 Some Common Network Problems 35
1.7 Challenges of information Technology Managers 35
1.8 Network Management: Goals, Organization, and Functions 40
1.8.1 Goal of Network Management 40
1.8.2 Network Provisioning 42
1.8.3 Network Operations and the DOC 42
1.8.4 Network Installation and Maintenance 44
1.9 Network and System Management 44
1.10 Network Management System Platform 48
1.11 Current Status and Future of Network Management 48
Chapter 2 Review of Computer Network T6chnology 55
2.1 Network Topology 56
2.2 Local Area Networks 59
2.2.1 Ethernet 60
2.2.2 Fast Ethernet 62
2.2.3 Gigabit Ethernet 62
2.2.4 Full-Duplex Ethernets 66
2.2.5 Switched Ethernet 67
2.2.6 Virtual LANs 68
2.2.7 Token Ring 69
2.2.8 Fiber Distributed Data interface 72
2.3 Network Node Components 73
2.3.1 Hubs 74
2.3.2 Bridges 75
2.3.3 Remote Bridges 78
2.3.4 Transparent Bridges 78
2.3.5 Source Routing Bridges 80
2.3.6 Routers 80
2.3.7 Gateways and Protocol Converters 82
2.3.8 Multiprotocol Routers and Tunneling 84
2.3.9 Half-Bridge Configuration of Routers 84
2.3.10 Switches 85
2.4 Wide Area Networks 87
2.5 Transmission Technology 88
2.5.1 Wired Transmission 89
2.5.2 Wireless Transmission Media 90
2.5.3 Transmission Modes 90
2.6 Integrated Services: ISDN, Frame Relay, and Broadband 93
PART 2 SNAP, Broadband, and TAN Management 99
Chapter 3 Basic Foundations: Standards, Models. and Language 101
3.1 Network Management Standards 103
3.2 Network Management Model 105
3.3 Organization Model 107
3.4 Information Model 109
3.4.1 Management information Trees 11 1
3.4.2 Managed Object Perspectives 112
3.5 Communication Model 116
3.6 Abstract Syntax Notation One: ASN.1 117
3.6.1 Terminology, Symbols, and Conventions 118
3.6.2 Objects and Data Types 123
3.6.3 Object Names 129
3.6.4 An Example of ASN.1 from ISO 8824 130
3.7 Encoding Structure 132
3.8 Macros 133
3.9 Functional Model 135
Chapter 4 SNMPv1 Network Management: Organization and Information Models 141
4.1 Managed Network: Case Histories and Examples 143
4.2 The History of SNMP Management 148
4.3 Internet Organizations and Standards 149
4.3.1 Organizations 149
4.3.2 Internet Documents 149
4.4 The SAMP Model 152
4.5 The Organization Model 152
4.6 System Overview 155
4.7 The information Model 157
4.7.1 Introduction 157
4.7.2 The Structure of Management information 158
4.7.3 Managed Objects 167
4.7.4 Management information Base IS0
Chapter 5 SNMPv1 N6tWork Management: Corn Communication and Functional Models 203
5.1 The SNMP Communication Model 203
5.1.1 The SNMP Architecture 204
5.1.2 The Administrative Model 204
5.1.3 SNMP Protocol Specifications 208
5.1.4 SNMP Operations 211
5.1.5 The SAMP MIB Group 222
5.2 Functional Model 225
Chapter 6 SNW Management: SNWPv2 229
6.1 Major Changes in SNMPv2 230
6.2 SNMPv2 System Architecture 231
6.3 SNMPv2 Structure of Management information 233
6.3.1 SMI Definitions for SNMPv2 236
6.3.2 Information Modules 236
6.3.3 SNMP Keywords 238
6.3.4 Module Definitions 240
6.3.5 Object Definitions 241
6.3.6 Textual Conventions 247
6.3.7 Creation and Deletion of Rows in Tables 252
6.3.8 Notification Definitions 256
6.3.9 Conformance Statements 256
6.4 The SNMPv2 Management information Base 262
6.4.1 Changes to the System Group in SNMPv2 263
6.4.2 Changes to the SNMP Group in SNMPv2 264
6.4.3 Information for Notification in SNMPv2 166
6.4.4 Conformance information in SNMPv2 268
6.4.5 Expanded Internet MIB-II 268
6.5 SNMPv2 Protocol 269
6.5.1 The Data Structure of SNMPv2 PDUs 269
6.5.2 SNMPv2 Protocol Operations 27:
6.6 Compatibility with SNMPv1 277
6.6.1 The Bilingual Manager 277
6.6.2 The SNMP Proxy Server 278
Chapter 7 SNMP Management: SNMPv3 283
7.l SNMPv3 Documentation 284
7.2 SNMPv3 Documentation Architecture 285
7.3 Architecture 287
7.3.1 Elements of an Entity 287
7.3.2 Names 289
7.3.3 Abstract Service Interfaces 290
7.4 SNMPv3 Applications 292
7.4.1 The Command Generator 293
7.4.2 The Command Responder 294
7.4.3 The Notification Originator 296
7.4.4 The Notification Receiver 296
7.4.5 The Proxy Forwarder 296
7.5 SNMPv3 Management information Base 296
7.6 Security 300
7.6.l Security Threats 300
7.6.2 Security Model 301
7.6.3 Message Format 303
7.7 SNMPv3 User-Based Security Model 305
7.7.1 Authentication Protocols 308
7.7.2 Encryption Protocol 310
7.8 Access Control 311
7.8.1 Elements of the Model 311
7.8.2 The VACM Process 312
7.8.3 A VACM MIB 314
Chapter 8 SNMP Management: RMON 321
8.1 What is Remote Monitoring7 322
8.2 RMON SMI and MIB 323
8.3 RMON1 325
8.3.1 RMON1 Textual Conventions 325
8.3.2 RMON1 Groups and Functions 326
8.3.3 Relationship Between Control and Data Tables 329
8.3.4 RMON1 Common and Ethernet Groups 329
8.3.5 RMON Token Ring Extension Groups 333
8.4 RMONZ 334
8.4.1 The RMON2 Management information Base 335
8.4.2 RMON2 Conformance Specifications 337
8.5 ATM Remote Monitoring 338
8.6 A Case Study of Internet Traffic Using RMON 341
Chapter 9 Broadband Network management: ATM Networks 345
9.1 Broadband Networks and Services 345
9.2 ATM Technology 348
9.2.1 Virtual Path--Virtual Circuit 349
9.2.2 ATM Packet Size 351
9.2.3 Integrated Service 351
9.2.4 WAN/SONET 352
9.2.5 ATM LAN Emulation 352
9.2.6 Virtual LAN 356
9.3 ATM Network Management 358
9.3.1 The ATM Network Reference Model 358
9.3.2 The Integrated Local Management interface 359
9.3.3 The ATM Management information Base 361
9.3.4 The Role of SNMP and ILMI in ATM Management 361
9.3.5 MI Interface: Management of ATM Network Element 364
9.3.6 M2 Interface: Management of Private Networks 366
9.3.7 M3 Interface: Customer Network Management of Public Networks 368
9.3.8 M4 Interface: Public Network Management 372
9.3.9 Management of LAN Emulation 381
9.3.10 ATM Digital Exchange interface Management 383
Chapter 10 Broadband Network Management 387
10.1 Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 388
10.1.1 Broadband Access Networks 388
10.1.2 Broadband Access Technology 390
10.2 HFC Technology 391
10.2.1 The Broadband LAN 393
10.2.2 The Cable Modem 394
10.2.3 The Cable Modem Termination System 397
10.2.4 The HFC Plant 397
10.2.5 The RF Spectrum for Cable Modem 397
10.3 Data Over Cable Reference Architecture 399
10.4 HFC Management 401
10.4.1 Cable Modem and CMTS Management 402
10.4.2 HFC Link Management 407
10.4.3 RF Spectrum Management 407
10.5 DSL Technology 405
10.6 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology 409
10.6.1 Role of the ADSL Access Network in an Overall Network 411
10.6.2 ADSL Architecture 413
10.6.3 ADSL Channeling Schemes 414
10.6.4 ADSL Encoding Schemes 415
10.7 ADSL Management 415
10.7.1 ADSL Network Management Elements 417
10.7.2 ADSL Configuration Management 417
10.7.3 ADSL Fault Management 419
10.7.4 ADSL Performance Management 420
10.7.5 SNMP-Based ADSL Line MIB 420
10.7.6 MIB Integration with Interfaces Groups in MIB-2 422
10.7.7 ADSL Configuration Profiles 423
Chapter 11 Telecommunications Management Network 429
11.1 Why TMN? 430
11.2 Operations Systems 431
11.3 TMN Conceptual Model 433
11.4 TMN Standards 435
11.5 TMN Architecture 438
11.5.1 Functional Architecture 438
11.5.2 Physical Architecture 441
11.5.3 Information Architecture 442
11.6 TMN Management Service Architecture 443
11.7 An integrated View of TMN 445
11.8 Implementation Issues 446
PART 3 Management Tools, Systems, and Applications 453
Chapter 12 Network Management Tools and Systems 455
12.1 Network Management Tools 457
12.1.1 Tools Catalog 457
12.l.2 Bit Error Rate Tester 461
12.1.3 Basic Software Tools 462
12.l.4 SAMP MIB Tools 469
12.1.5 The Protocol Analyzer 472
12.2 Network Statistics Measurement Systems 474
12.2.1 Traffic Load Monitoring 475
12.2.2 Protocol Statistics 475
12.2.3 Data and Error Statistics 477
12.2.4 Using MRTG to Collect Traffic Statistics 477
12.3 History of Enterprise Management 479
12.4 Network Management Systems 480
12.4.1 Functional Components 480
12.4.2 Multiple NMS Configuration 482
12.4.3 Network Management System Requirements 483
12.5 Commercial Network Management Systems 488
12.5.1 Hewlett-Packard's OpenView Network Node Manager 489
12.5.2 Cabletron's Spectrum Platform 490
12.5.3 Sun Network Management Systems Family 493
12.6 System Management 494
12.6.1 High-End System Management 495
12.6.2 Low-End System Management 495
12.7 Enterprise Management Solutions 496
12.7.1 Computer Associates Unicenter TNG 496
12.7.2 Tivoli Enterprise Manager 497
Chapter 13 Network Management Applications 501
13.1 Configuration Management 504
13.1.1 Network Provisioning 505
13.l.2 Inventory Management 506
13.l.3 Network Topology 506
13.2 Fault Management 509
13.2.1 Fault Detection 510
13.2.2 Fault Location and Isolation Techniques 510
13.3 Performance Management 510
13.3.1 Performance Metrics 511
13.3.2 Data Monitoring 512
13.3.3 Problem Isolation 513
13.3.4 Performance Statistics 513
13.4 Event Correlation Techniques 514
13.4.1 Rule-Based Re
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