Contents
Introduction
Assessment Test
Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Methodology
The Complexity of Internetworks
The Problem-Solving Model
Step 1:Define the Problem
Step 2:Gather Facts
Step 3:Consider Possibilities
Steps 4 and 5:Create and Implement the Action Plan
Step 6:Observe Results
Step 7:Iterate as Needed
When the Problem Is Resolved
Step 8:Document the Changes
The Problem-Solving Checklist
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 2 Protocol Attributes
The OSI Reference Model
Global Protocol Classifications
Connection-Oriented Protocols
Connectionless Protocols
OSI Layer 3:Routed and Routing Protocols
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Initializing OSPF
BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)
Novell NetWare Protocols
AppleTalk Protocols
OSI Layer 2:Data-Link Layer Protocols and Applications
Ethernet/IEEE 8O2.3
Token Ring/IEEE 8O2.5
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
X.25
Frame Relay
Integrated Services Digital NetWork (ISDN)
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 3 Generic Troubleshooting Tools
Physical Media Test Equipment
Multimeters and Cable Testers
Time Domain Reflectors (TDRs) and OpticaI TDRs (OTDRs)
Digital Interface Testing Tools
Software Test Equipment
Network Monitors
Network Analyzers
Network Management Systems (NMSs)
Cisco Network Management Software
CiscoWorks 2OOO
NetSys
CiscoSecure
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 4 Ciscos Diagnostic Commands
Understanding the Output from Diagnostic Commands
The Routing Process
The Switchiflg Process
Switching Methods
Packet Flow-High-End Routers
The Route Processor
Buffers and gueues in the Cisco 7OOO Series
Buffers and gueues in Low-End Routers
Troubleshooting Commands
show Commands
debug Commands
Executing a Router Core Dump
ping Commands
traceroute Command
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 5 Applying Cisco’s Diagnostic Tools
Identifying and Resolving Generic Router Problems
Scenario #1
Scenario #2
Troubleshooting Ethernet Problems
Scenario #1
Scenario #2
Troubleshooting Token Ring Problems
Scenario #1
Scenario #2
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 6 Troublesbooting TCP\IP Connectivity
TCP/IP Router Diagnostic Tools
ping and traceroute Commands
show Commands
debug Commands
Problem Isolation in TCP/IP Networks
Problem Isolation for Windows 95/98/NT
LAN Connectivity Problems
Obtaining an IP Address
ARP
WAN Access Problems
Default Gateways
Static and Dynamic Routing
IP Access Lists
Standard Access Lists
Extended Access Lists
ICMP Messages
Troubleshooting RIP
RIP1 and RIP2
show Commands
debug Commands
Typical Problems
Troubleshooting IGRP
show Commands
debug Commands
Typical Problems
Troubleshooting EIGRP
Neighbor Formation
show Commands
debug Commands
Typical Problems
Troubleshooting OSPF
Nelghbor and Adjacency Formation
OSPF Area Types
show Commands
debug Commands
Typical Problems
Redistribution of Routing Protocols
Dealing with Routing Metrics
Distribute Lists
Route Maps
TCP/IP Symptoms and Problems:Summary Sheet
TCP/IP Symptoms and Action Plans:Summary Sheet
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Serial Line and Frame Relay Connectivity
TroubIeshooting Serial Lines
HDLC Encapsulation
show interface sertal Command
show controllers Command
show buffers Command
debug serial interface Command
debug serial packet Command
CSU/DSU Loopback Tests
Serlal Line Summary
Troubleshooting X.25
show interface serial Commands
debug Commands
X.25 Link Summary
Troubleshooting Frame Relay
Frame Relay show Commands
Frame Relay debug Commands
Frame Relay Summary
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting ISDN
ISDN Fundamentals
Common ISDN Problems
Misconfigured Routers
Physical Layer Connections
Misconfigured Phone Switches
ISDN Troubleshooting Commands
Ping
clear interface brin
show interface brin
show interface brin 1 2
show controller bri
show isdn status
show dialer
show ppp multilink
Debugging ISDN
ebugging ISDN
debua bri
debua isdn q921
debug PPP negotaition
debug isdn q931
debug PPP packet
debug dialer
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Novell Connectivity
IPX NetWorking Fundamentals
Conriecting to a Novell Network
Encapsulation
Get Nearest Server
Service Advertising
Novell Router Diagnostic Tools
ping Commands
show Commands
debug Commands
Common Novell Troubleshooting Issues
Ethernet Encapsulation Mismatches and Network Settings
Problems Attaching to Remote Servers
SAP Congestion Management in IPX RIP
Debugging Scalable NetWare Protocols
IPX EIGRP
NLSP and IPXWAN
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Laboratory Exercise
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 1O Troubleshooting AppleTalk Connectivity
The AppleTalk Protocol
AppleTalk Addressing
AppleTalk Routing
AppleTalk ping Command
AppleTalk show Commands
AppleTalk test Commands
AppleTalk debug Commands
Common AppleTalk Troubleshooting Issues
ZIP Storms
AARP Broadcast Frames
Phase One/Phase Two Compatibility Problems
Duplicate or Crossed Network Numbers
Overloaded Network
No Resources Listed in Chooser
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Switched Ethernet
Switches,Bridges,adn Hubs
Catalyst Troubleshooting Tools
Catalyst Command Line Interface
CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks
RMON
Indicator Lights
Controlling Recurring Paths with Spanning Tree
Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Problems
The Catalyst 5000 Internal Structure
SAMBA
SAINT
SAGE
EARL
Virtual LANs
Inter-Switch Link(ISL)
802.1q Trunking
VLAN Trunking Protocol(VTP)
Cabling Issues
Cable Problems
Cross-Over Cables
Troubleshooting Switched Connections
The Switched Port Analyzer
The Route Switch Module and Catalyst Routing
VLANs across Routers and Switches
VLAN Design Issues and Troubleshooting
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Laboratory Exercise
Reiew Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 12 Cisco Support Functions
Cisco Connection Family
Cisco Connection Online(CCO)
Online Information
Features and Electronic Services
Troubleshooting Engine
Cisco Connection Documentation
Cisco’s Technical Assistance Center(TAC)
Other Cisco Documentation
Summary
Commands Used in This Chapter
Key Terms
Review Questions
Answer to Review Questions
Appendix A Practice Exam
Practice Exam Questions
Answers to Practice Exam
Appendix B Commands in This Study Guide
Glossary