PREFACE
TABLEOFCASES
ChapterI.RestraintsofTradeatCommonLaw
A.ContractsinRestraintofTrade
B.MonopolyandConspiracy
C.Conclusion
ChapterII.TheAntitrustStatutes
A.TheDemandforRegulation
B.TheShermanAct
1.TheStatute
2.EarlyInterpretations
C.TheClaytonandFederalTradeCommissionActs
1.TheClaytonAct
2.TheFederalTradeCommissionAct
D.InstitutionalImplications
1.OpenendedSubstantiveCommands
2.TheChoiceofGoals
3.PermeabilityoftheAdjudicationProcess
4.CoexistenceWithOtherEconomicRegulatory
SchemesandTheoriesofEconomicOrgani-zation
5.Summary
ChapterIII.AntitrustEconomics(inaNut-shell)
A.SomeBasicExplanationsandBehavioralAssump-tions
1.TheDemandSchedule
2.Profit-MaximizingBehaviorbyFirms
B.BasicEconomicModels
1.PerfectCompetition
2.Monopoly
3.CompetitionandMonopolyCompared
4.MonopolisticCompetition
5.Oligopoly
C.CurrentDevelopments
D.Conclusion
ChapterIV.TheMonopolyProblem
A.MonopolyPower
1.ProductMarket
2.GeographicMarket
3.FederalGuidelines
4.MarketShareMeasurementandtheTreat-mentofParticularClassesofIndustryPar-ticipants
B.Monopolization:TheUsesofMonopolyPower
1.ClassicTest
2.Alcoa
3.Post-AlcoaDevelopments
4.Remedies
5.RecentApplications
a.PredatoryPricing
b.ProductInnovation
c.RefusalstoDeal
ChapterIV.TheMonopolyProblem--Continued
d.Leveraging
C.AttemptstoMonopolize
ChapterV.HorizontalRestraints:TheEvolu-tionofStandards
A.TheEconomicsofCartelsandTransactionCosts
B.HorizontalAgreementsandtheStructureofLegal
Rules:TheRelationshipBetweenPerSeRulesandReasonablenessStandards
C.Price-Fixing
1.EarlyDevelopments
2.DevelopmentoftheRuleofReason
3.TheRiseofthePerSeApproach
4.CurrentDevelopments
MarketAllocationsandProductionControls
E.Boycotts
1.PurposesandEconomicEffects
2.TheLegalStandard
F.Summary
ChapterVI.HorizontalRestraints:ProblemsofProofandCharacterization
A.EvidenceofanAgreement
1.TheRequirementofanAgreement
2.TheEvidentiaryRequirements
a.Section1andtheEndangermentofOvertCartels
b.ModernDevelopmentofFormulasforDe-finingConcertedAction
c.EvidentiaryStandards
d.Interdependenceand"PlusFactors"
ChapterVI.HorizontalRestraints:ProblemsofProofandCharacterization--Continued
B.ProblemsofCharacterization
1.InformationExchanges
a.TradeAssociations
b.VerificationandExchangeofPricesbyDi-rectRivals
c.ImplicationsforFutureInformation-Shar-ing
2.JointVenturesandtheApplicationoftheRuleofReason
a.CharacterizingtheVentureandEvaluat-lngCollateralRestraints
b.TreatmentofOutsideEntities
c.RecentRepresentativeIllustrations
d.LegislativeReforms
ChapterVII.TheOligopolyProblem
A.EconomistsandtheOligopolyProblem
B.LegalApproachestotheControlofOligopolies
1.ExpandingtheDefinitionof"Agreement"UnderSectionioftheShermanAct
2.Section2oftheShermanAct
3.Section5oftheFederalTradeCommissionAct
4.InvitationstoCollude
5.MergerPolicy
6.ProposedLegislativeReforms
ChapterVIII.VerticalRestraints
A.TransactionCostEconomicsandVerticalRelation-ships
ChapterVIII.VerticalRestraints--Continued
B.RestrictionsonDistribution
1.ResalePriceMaintenance(RPM)
2.ConsignmentsandDistributionThroughAgents
3.TerritorialandCustomerRestrictions
4.UnilateralandConcertedActionDistin-guished:SubstantivePrinciplesandEviden-tiaryStandards
C.LimitsonSupplierPower:ExclusionaryPractices
1.TyingArrangements
2.ExclusiveDealing
D.Conclusion
ChapterIX.Mergers
A.TensionsinModernMergerAnalysis
B.CompetitiveEffectsOverview
1.HorizontalMergers
2.VerticalMergers
3.ConglomerateMergers
C.TheShermanActandMergersTendingtoMonop-oly
D.TheEnactmentandAmendmentofSection7oftheClaytonAct
E.TheSupremeCourtandMergerAnalysisSince1950
1.VerticalMergers
2.HorizontalMergers
3.ConglomerateMergers,PotentialCompeti-tion,andJointVentures
EGovernmentMergerGuidelinesandPremergerNo-tification
ChapterIX.Mergers--Continued
1.FederalMergerGuidelines
2.StateMergerGuidelines
3.PremergerNotification
G.ModernLowerCourtApplications
1.MarketDefinition
2.CompetitiveEffectsinHorizontalMergers
3.CompetitiveEffectsinNonhorizontalMerg-ers
H.Conclusion
ChapterX.PatentandIntellectualPropertyIs-sues
A.AnIntroductiontoPatents
B.Price,Territorial,andUseRestrictions
C.SettlementandAccumulation
D.EnforcementsofPatentsasanAntitrustViolation
ChapterXI.PriceDiscriminationandtheRobin-son-PatmanAct
A.TheOriginandEnforcementofSection2ofthe
ClaytonAct
B.TheStatuteAnalyzed
C.InjurytoCompetition
1.PrimaryLineInjury
2.SecondaryLineInjury
D.Defenses
1."MeetingCompetition"
2.CostJustification
3."FunctionalAvailability"
ChapterXII.TheEnforcementandAdjudica-tionProcess
A.PublicEnforcement
1.TheFederalEnforcementAgencies
2.AntitrustEnforcementbyStateGovernments
B.PrivateEnforcement
1.InjurytoBusinessorProperty
2.AntitrustInjury
3.Standing
4.DirectPurchasers
C.FederalJudiciary
D.Conclusion
ChapterXIII.LimitsontheScopeoftheAnti-trustSystem
A.JurisdictionalRestrictions
1.InterstateCommerceRequirement
2.ForeignJurisdictionalBarriers
B.TheEffectofGovernmentIntervention
1.FederalRegulationandExemptions
a.BasicFrameworkofExemptions
b.SpecificIllustration:OrganizedLabor
2.StateRegulation
a.StateActionImmunity
b.LocalGovernmentsandOtherPoliticalSubdivisions
c.Preemption
3.Petitioning
ChapterXIV.TheChangingBalanceinAnti-trust
Appendix
ShermanAct
ClaytonAct
FederalTradeCommissionAct
INDEX
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