1 The Circuitry
SUMMARY
CASE
2 Electrical Activity of the Heart
CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS CONSIST OF SEVERAL PHASS
Principal Types of Cardiac Action Potentials Are the Slow and Fast Types Ionic Baqsis of the Resting Potential,The Fast Respondent Sodium Channels
Ionic Basis of the Slow Response
CONDUCTION IN CARDIAC FLBERS DEPENDS ON LOCAL CIRCUTL CURRENTS
Conduction of the fast Response
Conduction of the slow Response
CARDIAC EXCITABILITY DEPENDS ON THE ACTIVATION AND INACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC CURRENTS
Fast Response
Slow Response
Effects of Cycle Length
THE HEART GENERATES ITS OWN PACEMAKING ACTIVITY
Sinoatrial Node
Ionic Basis of Automaticity
Overdrive Suppression
Atrial Conduction
Atrioventricular Conducion
Ventricular Conduction
AN IMPULSE CAM TRAVEL AROUND A REENTRY LOOP
AFTERDEPOLARIZATLONS LEAD TO TRIGGERED ACTIVITY
Early Afterdepolarizations
Delayed Afrterdepolarizations
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY DISPLAYS THE SPREAD OF CARDIAC EXCITATION
Scalar Electrocardiography
DYSRHYTHMIAS OCCUR FREQUENTLYAND CONSTITUTE IMPOQUENTLY CLINICAL PROBLEMS
Altered Sinoatrial Rhythms
Atrioventricular Transmission Blocks
Premature Depolarizations
Ectopic Tachycardias
Fibrillation
SUMMARY
CASE
3 The Cardiac Pump
4 Regulation of the Heartbeat
5 Hemodynamics
6 The Arterial System
7 The Microcirculation and Lymphatics
8 The Peripheral Circulation and Its Control
9 Control of Cardiac Output:Coupling of Heart and Blood Vessels
10 Coronary Circulation
11 Special Circulations
12 Interplay of Central and Peripheral Factors in the Control of the Circulation
Appendix:Case Study Answers
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