统计质量控制：英文版

LISTOFEXAMPLES
PREFACE
PARTONEINTRODUCTION
1IntroductionandOverview
1.1TheMeaningofQuality/1.2TheFocusofThisBook/1.3TheControl-ChartViewpoint/1.4ScientificSampling/1.5UseofExamples/1.6MeaningsandUsageoftheWordsDefectiveandDefect/1.7ManyEconomyStudiesCallfortheViewpointofStatisticalQualityControl/1.8StatisticalQualityControlMayHaveUsefulBy-Products/1.9ReasonsfortheUseoftheAdjectiveStatistical/1.10FourDifferentLevelsofUnderstandingStatisticalQualityControl/1.11NonmanufacturingApplicationsofStatisticalQualityControlTechniques/1.12SomeTopicsCoveredinPartFourOfThisBook

PARTTWOSTATISTICALPROCESSCONTROL
2DirectionsforSimpleXandRCharts
2.1SettingUpandOperatingControlChartsforXandR/2.2ChecklistofNecessaryStepsinUsingXandRCharts/2.3SomeCommentsonComputerSoftwareforStatisticalProcessControl/Problems

3WhytheControlChartWorks;SomeStatisticalConcepts
3.1TheNeedforUnderstandingStatisticalPrinciples/3.2DescriptionofPatternsofVariation/3.3GraphicRepresentationofaFrequencyDistribution/3.4AveragesandMeasuresofDispersion/3.5SamplingStatisticsandUniverseParameters/3.6TheNormalCurve/3.7OtherFrequencyCurves/3.8WhattheAverageandStandardDeviationofaSetofNumbersReallyTell/Problems

4WhytheControlChartWorks;SomeExamples
4.1TheUseofControlChartstoJudgeWhetherorNotaConstantSystemofChanceCausesIsPresent/4.2UseoftheControlChartinInterpretationofaFrequencyDistribution/4.3ContributionoftheControlCharttoEliminationofCausesofTrouble/4.4ChangesinUniverseAverage/4.5ShiftinUniverseDispersionwithNoChangeinUniverseAverage/4.6ChangesinUniverseAverageandUniverseDispersion/4.7APossibleViewoftheQuestionAnsweredbyaControlChart/4.8NonproductApplicationsOfControlChartsforVariables/4.9ConflictingExpressionsfortheStandardDeviationofaSetofNumbers/Problems

5SomeFundamentalsoftheTheoryofProbability
5.1ProbabilityHasaMathematicalMeaning/5.2ModernConceptsofProbabilityTheory/5.3SomeTheoremsoftheTheoryofProbability/5.4InfiniteandFiniteUniverses/5.5TheHypergeometricProbabilityDistribution/5.6TheBinomialasaProbabilityDistribution/5.7ThePoissonLawasaProbabilityDistribution/5.8TheNormalDistribution/5.9DecidingontheMethodtoBeUsedforCalculatingProbabilitiesinIndustrialSamplingProblems/5.10RelationshipbetweenControlChartsandCertainOtherStatisticalTechniques/5.11RandomVariables/5.12PointEstimatesandEstimators/5.13TheProblemofSelectingaParametertoDescribeUniverseDispersionandofChoosinganEstimatorforThatParameter/5.14SamplingfromaNormalDistribution/5.15TheoryofExtremeRuns/Problems

6TheControlChartforFractionRejected
6.1SomePracticalLimitationsofControlChartsforVariables/6.2ControlChartsforAttributes/6.3TheControlChartforFractionRejected/6.4TheBinomialasaProbabilityLawThatDeterminestheFluctuationsofFractionRejected/6.5ControlLimitsforthepChart/6.6ProblemsIntroducedbyVariableSubgroupSize/6.7ChecklistofNecessaryStepsinConnectionwithControlChartforFractionRejected/6.8SensitivityofthepChart/6.9NonproductApplicationsOfpandupCharts/6.1OpChartsAreNotSuitableforAllDataonFractionRejected/Problems

7TheControlChartforNonconformities
7.1ThePlaceofthecChartinStatisticalProcessControl/7.2DistinctionbetweenaNonconformingArticleandaNonconformity/7.3LimitsforthecChartAreBasedonthePoissonDistribution/7.4TheCombinationofPoissonDistributions/7.5ConditionsFavorabletotheEconomicUseoftheControlChartforNonconformities/7.6AdaptationsOfthecCharttoVariationsin1heAreaofOpportunityforaNonconformity/7.7ProbabilityLimitsforcanduCharts/7.8TheuChartforNonconformitiesperMultipleUnits/7.9ListingIndividualNonconformitiesontheFormContainingacoruChart/7.10TheIntroductionofaControlChartMayMotivateQualityImprovement/7.11ClassificationofNonconformitiesandTheirWeighting/7.12QChartsforQualityScoresandDChartsforDemeritClassifications/7.13Useof3cforApproximateCalculationofControlLimitsinSituationsInvolvingtheBinomialDistribution/7.14ApplicabilityOfcChartTechniqueinFieldsOtherThanStatisticalProcessControl/Problems

8RationalSubgrouping
8.1TheInformationGivenbytheControlChartDependsontheBasisUsedforSelectionofSubgroups/8.2TwoSchemesInvolvingOrderofProductionasaBasisforSubgrouping/8.3QuestionAddressedbytheShewhartControlChart/8.4SourcesofVariability/8.5OrderofProductionIsNotAlwaysaSufficientBasisforSubgrouping/8.6NeedforDiscriminationintheSelectionofSubgroups/8.7IdentificationonaControlChartofDifferentSourcesofSubgroups/8.8Precision,ReproducibilityandAccuracyofMethodsofMeasurement/8.9RelationshipbetweentheVariabilityofMeasuredValuesandthePrecisionoftheMethodofMeasurement/Problems

9StatisticalAnalysisofProcessCapabilityandforProcessImprovement
9.1ProcessCapabilityasaSteptowardProcessImprovement/9.2ProcessCapabilityandPerformanceIndexes/9.3QualitybyDesign:DesignandInspectionSpecifications/9.4StatisticalMethodsMayHelpinSettingBetterSpecificationLimits/9.5SomeCommonMethodsofInterpretationOfaPilotRunasaBasisforSettingTolerances/9.6TwoStatisticalTheoremsofGreatImportanceintheInterrelationshipofTolerances/9.7Experimentation/Problems

10SomeSpecialProcessControlProcedures
10.1SomeMiscellaneousTopics/10.2SomeSpecialTopicsonShewhartControlChartsforVariables/10.3SomeRelatedSpecialProcedures/10.4AGeneralTestforHomogeneity/10.5ProbabilityLimitsonControlChartsforVariables/10.6ControlChartsforMovingAverages/10.7XChartwithaLinearTrend/10.8NarrowLimitGaging/10.9WorkingwithShortProductionRuns/10.10ASuccessChartforProductionRunsofExtremelyHighQuality/10.11CombiningProcessControlandProductAcceptance/10.12CumulativeSumControlChartforAverages/Problems

PARTTHREESCIENTIFICSAMPLING
11SomeFundamentalConceptsinScientificSampling
11.1TheImportanceofSampling/11.2SomeWeaknessesofCertainTraditionalPracticesinAcceptanceSampling/11.3PurposeofThisChapter/11.4Lot-by-LotAcceptanceUsingSingleSamplingbyAttributes/11.5OCCurveofanIdealSamplingPlan/11.6TheIndexingofAcceptancePlansbyaSinglePointontheOCCurve/11.7AverageOutgoingQualityandtheAOQL/11.8DoubleSampling/11.9ChoosingaSamplingPlantoMinimizeAverageTotalInspection/11.10MultipleandSequentialSampling/11.11RandomnessinAcceptanceSampling/Problems

12AnAQLSystemforLot-by-LotAcceptanceSamplingbyAttributes
12.1SelectinganAcceptanceInspectionProcedure/12.2AHistoricalNoteRegardingAcceptanceSamplingSystemsBasedontheAQLConcept/12.3SomeDecisionsMadeintheOriginalEstablishmentoftheAQLasaQualityStandard/12.4SomeAspectsoftheMasterTablesReproducedfromtheABCStandard/12.5DeterminingtheSampleSizeCodeLetter/12.6OCCurvesunderNormal,Tightened.andReducedInspection/12.7Single,Double,andMultipleSamplingPlansinAQLSystems/12.8ClassificationofDefects/12.9TheFormationofInspectionLots/12.10AcceptanceBasedonNumbersofDefects/12.11ASystematicRecordofQualityHistoryIsanImportantAspectofStatisticalAcceptanceProcedures/12.12SelectinganAcceptancePlanforanIsolatedLot/12.13ImportanceofAOQLValuesinSamplingPlansBasedontheAQL/Problems

13OtherProceduresforAcceptanceSamplingbyAttributes
13.1TwoUsefulVolumesofStandardTables/13.2TheDodge-RomigTables/13.3SomeReasonsforNotBasingaQualityStandardonaProvisionforScreeningInspection/13.4DesigningSingleSamplingPlansforStipulatedProducer'sandConsumer'sRisks/13.5ASimpleAQLSystemProposedbyDodge/13.6DesignOfaSequentialPlanHavinganOCCurvePassingthroughTwoDesignatedPointsl13.7Dodge'sChainSamplingInspectionPlan/Problems

14SystemsforAcceptanceSamplingfromContinuousProduction
14.1Dodge'sAOQLPlanforContinuousProduction-CSP-1/14.2MultilevelContinuousSamplingPlans(CSP-M)/14.3TheMIL-STD-1235SystemforSamplingfromContinuousProduction/14.4AOQFunctionsofSomeContinuousSamplingSchemes/14.5Skip-LotSampling/14.6FurtherCommentonContinuousSamplingPlans/14.7UniqueFeaturesofCSPPlansasGuidesforSPCSampling/Problems

15SystemsforAcceptanceSamplingbyVariables
15.1SomeAdvantagesandLimitationsOfAcceptanceSamplingbyVariablesl15.2SomeDifferentTypesofAcceptanceCriteriaInvolvingVariables/15.3UsingPlottedFrequencyDistributionsinAcceptanceSampling/15.4UseofControlChartstoIdentifyGrandLots/15.5ComputingtheOCCurveforaKnown-SigmaVariablesSamplingPlanBasedontheAssumptionofaNormalDistributioni15.6SomeGeneralAspectsofMilitaryStandard414l15.7NumericalDatatoIllustrateNormalInspectionunderMIL-STD-414/15.8TightenedInspectioninMIL-STD-414l15.9ReducedInspectioninMIL-STD-414/15.10AnUpperSpecificationLimitinMIL-STD-414/15.11Two-SidedSpecificationsinMlL-STD-414/15.12TheRelationshipamongSampleSizesundertheStandardDeviationMethod,theRangeMethod,andtheProceduresAssumingKnownVariability/15.13SomeCommentsonTable15.4/15.14TheChoicebetweenUnknown-SigmaandKnown-SigmaPlans/15.15SomeSourcesofOCCurvesforVariablesPlansBasedontheAssumptionofNormality/15.16CommentontheAssumptionofaNormalDistributioninKnown-SigmaandUnknown-SigmaPlans/15.17Acceptance/RejectionPlansMayBeDevisedtoAcceptonVariablesCriteriabuttoRejectOnlyonAttributesCriteria/15.18InternationalandCommercialStandardsCorrespondingtoMIL-STD-414/Problems

16SomeAspectsofLifeTestingandReliability
16.1PurposeofThisChapter/16.2AConventionalModeloftheProbabilityofEquipmentFailure/16.3SomeModemDefinitionsofReliability/16.4TheRelationshipbetweenaConstantFailureRateandMeanLifeorMeanTimebetweenFailures/16.5AnExperimenttoIllustrateCertainAspectsofaConstantFailureRate/16.6The"Exponential"ReliabilityFunctionThatResultsfromtheAssumptionofaConstantFailureRate/16.7PrincipalU.S.GovernmentDocumentsThatTreatLifeTestingundertheAssumptionofaConstantFailureRate/16.8TheBroadGeneralUsefulnessofSamplingandTastingStandards/Problems

PARTFOURSOMERELATEDTOPICS
17SomeEconomicAspectsofQualityDecisions
17.1ProblemsofBusinessAltemativesAreProblemsinEconomy/17.2SomeBasicConceptsinEngineeringEconomy/17.3ThreeGeneralClassesOfConsequencesThatShouldBeRecognizedinMakingCertainQualityDecisions/17.4Taguchi'sLossFunction/17.5SomeEconomicAspectsoftheMarginofSafetyinDesignSpecifications/17.6SomeSpecialDifficultiesofEstimatingIndirectCostsinEconomyStudies/17.7DidItPaytoUseStatisticalQualityControl?/17.8TheIncreasingImportanceofCostsRelatedtoProductLiability/Problems

18SomeSignificantEventsintheDevelopmentofStatisticalQualityControl
18.1QualityandStandardization/18.2TheTwoArchitectsofStatisticalQualityControl/18.3QualityAssuranceScienceandWorldWarII/18.4Japan'sRecoveryasaWorldClassIndustrialPower/18.5TheQualityCulturalRevolutionintheUnitedStates/18.6U.S.AwardsforQualityandProductivityImprovement/18.7QualitySystemStandardsandStandardization/18.8AnApologytoThoseNotMentioned

19ModelsforQualityManagementandProblemSolving
19.1Evolutionofthe"QualityWheel"/19.2NamesUsedtoDescribetheQualityManagementMovement/19.3TheBaldrigeCriteriaasaQualityManagementModel/19.4ComparingtheBaldrigeCriteriaandISO9000Requirements/19.5Problem-SolvingModelsComparedtoManagementModels/19.6The"SevenBasicToolsofStatisticalProcessControl"/19.7TrackingandCelebratingQuality

20DemonstratingtheOperationofSystemsOfChanceCauses
20.1UseofGroupExperimentsinIntroducingtheSubjectsofControlChartsandAcceptanceSamplingProcedures/20.2DemonstratingFrequencyDistributionsandControlChartsforVariables/20.3DemonstratingAcceptanceSamplingbyAttributes/20.4Deming'sRedBeadExperiment

APPENDIXES
1GlossaryofSymbols
2Bibliography
3Tables
NAMEINDEX
SUBJECTINDEX