PARTI PRELIMINARIES
CHAFTERl An Overview of Database Management
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What is a database system?
1.3 What is a database?
l,4 Whydatabase?
1.5 Dataindependence
l.6 Relational systems and others
1.7 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to se1ect6d exercises
CHAPTER2 Database System Architecture
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The three levels of the architecture
2.3 The external leveI
2.4 The conceptual level
2.5 The internallevel
2.6 Mappings
2.7 The database administrator
2.8 The database management syst6m
2.9 The data communications manager
2.10 Client/serverarchitecture
2.1l UtiIities
2.12 Distfibutedprocessing
2.13 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
CHAPTER 3 An Introduction to Relational Databases
3.1 Introduction
3.2 An informal look at the relational model
3.3 Relations and relvars
3.4 What relations mean
3,5 Optimization
3.6 Thecatalog
3.7 Base relvars and views
3.8 Transactions
3.9 The suppliers and parts database
3.l0 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER4 An Introduction to SQL
4.l Introduction
4.2 Overview
4.3 ThecataIog
4.4 Views
4.5 Transactions
4.6 EmbeddedSQL
4.7 SQL is not perfect
4.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibIiography
Answers to selected exercises
PART II THE RELATIONAL MODEI
CHAPTER 5 Domains, Relations, and Base Relvars
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Domains
5.3 Relationvalues
5.4 Relationvariables
5.5 SQL facilities
5.6 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER 6 Relational Algebra
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Closure revisited
6.3 Syntax
6.4 Semantics
6.5 Examples
6.6 What is the algebra for?
6.7 Additional operators
6.8 Grouping and ungrouping
6.9 Relational comparisons
6.10 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER7 Relational Calcu1us
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Tuplecalculus
7.3 Examples
7.4 Calculus vs. algebra
7.5 Computational capabiIities
7.6 Domain calculus
7.7 SQL facilities
7.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER 8 Integrity
8.l Introduction
8.2 TyPeconstraints
8.3 Attributeconstraints
8.4 Relvarconstraints
8.5 Databaseconstraints
8.6 The Golden Rule
8.7 State vs. transition constraints
8.8 Keys
8.9 SQL facilities
8.10 sutnmry zv1
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER9 Views
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What are views fOr?
9.3 View retrievaIs
9,4 Viewupdates
9.5 Snapshots (a digression)
9.6 SQL facilities
9.7 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
PART III DATABASE DESIGN
CHAPTERl0 Functional Dependencies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Basic definitions
10.3 Trivial and nontrivial dependencies
l0.4 Closure of a set of dependencies
10.5 Closure of a set of attributes
l0.6 Irreducible sets of dependencies
10.7 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises ase
CHAPTER ll Further Normalization I: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
11.l Introduction
11.2 Nonloss decomposition and functional dependencies
11.3 First, second, and third normal forms
11.4 Dependency preservation
l1.5 Boyce/Codd normal form
11.6 A note on relation-valued attributes
11.7 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER 12 Futther Normalization II: Higher Normal Forms 2
12.1 Introduction
l2,2 Multi-valued dependencies and fourth normal form
12.3 Join dependencies and fifth normal form
12.4 The normalization procedure summarized
12.5 A note on denormalization
12.6 Orthogonal design (a digression)
12.7 Other normal forms
12.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTERl3 Semantic Modeling
l3.1 Introduction
13.2 The overall approach
13.3 The E/Rmodel
l3.4 E/Rdiagrams
13.5 Database design with the E/R model
13.6 Abriefanalysis
13.7 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
PART IV TRANSACTION MANAGF
CHAPTER14 Recovery
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Transactions
14.3 Transaction recovery
14.4 System recovery
l4.5 Mediarecovery
14.6 Two-phasecommit
14.7 SQLfacilities
l4.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER15 Concurrency
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Three concurrency probIems
15.3 Locking
l5.4 The three concurrency problems revisit6d
15.5 Deadlock
15.6 Serializability
15.7 Isolationlevels
l5.8 IntentIocking
15.9 SQL facilities
15.10 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
PART V FURTHER TOPICS
CHAPTER l6 Security
16.l Introduchon
16.2 Discretionary access control
l6.3 Mandatory access controI
16.4 Statistical databases
l6.5 Dataencryption
16.6 SQLfacilities
16.7 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER 17 Optimization
17.1 Introduction
17.2 A motivating example
17.3 An overview of query processing
l7.4 Expression transformation
17.5 Databasestatistics
l7.6 A divide and conquer strategy
l7.7 Implementing the relational operators
17.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER18 Missing Information
18.1 Introduction
18.2 An overview of the 3VL approach
l8.3 Some consequences of the foregoing scheme
18.4 Nulls and keys
18.5 Outer join (a digression)
l8.6 Specialvalues
18.7 SQL facilities
18.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER19 Type Inheritance
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Typehierarchies
19.3 Polymorphism and substitutability
19.4 Variables and assignments
l9.5 Specializationby constraint
19.6 Comparisons
19.7 Operators, versions, and signatures
19.8 Is a circle an ellipse?
19.9 Specialization by constraint revisited
19.10 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER 20 Distributed Databases
20.1 Introduchon
20.2 Somepreliminaries
20.3 The twelve obectives
20.4 Problems of distributed systems
20.5 Client/serversystems
20.6 DBMSindependence
20.7 SQLfacilities
20.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
CHAPTER 21 Decision Suppott
2l.1 Introduction
2l.2 Aspects of decision support
21.3 Database design for decision support
2l.4 Data preparation
21.5 Data warehouses and data marts
21.6 Online analytical processing
21.7 Datamining
21.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to select6d exercises
CHAPTER22 Temporal Databases
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Temporaldata
22.3 What is the problem?
22.4 Intervals
22.5 Intervaltypes
22.6 Scalar operators on intervals
22.7 Aggregate operators on intervals
22.8 Relational operators involving intervals
22.9 Constraints involving intervals
22.10 Update operators involving intervals
22.ll Database design considerations
22.12 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTER 23 Logic-Based Databases
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Overview
23.3 Propositionalcalculus
23.4 Predicate calculus
23.5 A proof-theoretic view of databases
23.6 Deductive database systems
23.7 Recursive query processing
23.8 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
PART VI OBJECT AND OBJECTlRELATIONAL
CHAPTER 24 Object Databases
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Objects, classes, methods, and messages
24.3 A closer look
24.4 A cradle-to-grave example
24.5 Miscellaneous issues
24.6 Summary
Exercises
References and bibliography
Answers to selected exercises
CHAPTERzs ObjechRelational Databases
25.1 Introduction
25.2 The First Great Blunder.
25.3 The Second Great Blunder
25.4 Implementation issues
25.5 Benefits of true rapprochement
25.6 Summary
References and bibliography
APPENDIXA SQL Expressions
A.1 Introduchon
A.2 Tableexpressions
A.3 Conditionalexpressions
A.4 Scalar expressions
APPFNDIXA B An Overview of SQL3
B.l Introduction
B.2 New data types
B.3 Typeinheritance
B.4 Referencetypes
B.5 Subtables and supertables
B.6 Otherfeatures
APPENDIX C Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols
Index
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