Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Signals
1.2 Systems
1.3 Overview of the Book
1.4 Exercises
2 Time-Domain Models of Continuous LTI-Systems
2.1 Differential Equations
2.2 Block Diagrams
2.3 State-Space Description of LTI-Systems
2.4 Higher-order Differential Equations,Block Diagrams and the State Model
2.5 Equivalent State-Space Representations
2.6 Controllable and Observable Systems
2.7 Summary
2.8 Exercises
3 Modelling LTI-Systems in the Frequency-Domain
3.1 Complex Frequencies
3.2 Eigenfunctions
3.3 Exercises
4 Laplace Transform
4.1 The Eigenfunction Formulation
4.2 Definition of the Laplace Transform
4.3 Unilateral and Bilateral Laplace Transforms
4.4 Examples of Laplace Transforms
4.5 Region of Convergence of the Laplace Transform
4.6 Existence and Uniqueness of the Laplace Transform
4.7 Properties of the Laplace Transform
4.8 Exercises
5 Complex Analysis and the Inverse Laplace Transform
5.1 Path Integrals in the Complex Plane
5.2 The main Principle of Complex Analysis
5.3 Circular Integrals that Enclose Singularities
5.4 Caucby Integrals
5.5 Inverse Laplace Transform
5.6 Exercises
6 Analysis of Continuous-Time LTI-Systems with the Laplace Transform
6.1 System Response to Bilateral Input Signals
6.2 Finding the System Function
6.3 Poles and Zeros of the System Function
6.4 Determining the System Function from Differential Equations
6.5 Summarising Example
6.6 Combining Simple LTI-Systems
6.7 Combining LTI-Systems with Multiple Inputs and Outputs
6.8 Analysis of State-Space Descriptions
6.9 Exercises
7 Solving Initial Condition Problems with the Laplace Transform
7.1 First-Order Systems
7.2 Second-Order Systems
7.3 Higher-Order Systems
7.4 Assessment of the Procedures for Solving Initial Condition Problems
7.5 Exercises
8 Convolution and Impulse Response
8.1 Motivation
8.2 Time Behaviour of an RC-Circuit
8.3 The Delta Impulse
8.4 Convolution
8.5 Applications
8.6 Exercises
9 The Fourier Transform
9.1 Review of the Laplace Transform
9.2 Definition of the Fourier Transform
9.3 similarities and Differences between Fourier and Laplace Transforms
9.4 Examples of the Fourier Transform
9.5 Symmetries of the Fourier Transform
9.6 Inverse Fourier Transform
9.7 Properties of the Fourier Transform
9.8 Parseval's Theorem
9.9 Correlation of Deterministic Signals
9.10 Time-Bandwidth Product
9.11 Exercises
10 Bode Plots
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Contribution of Individual Poles and Zeros
10.3 Bode Plots for Multiple Poles and Zeros
10.4 Rules for Bode Plots
10.5 Complex Pairs of Poles and Zeros
10.6 Exercises
11 Sampling and Periodic Signals
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Delta Impulse Train and Periodic Functions
11.3 Sampling
11.4 Exercises
12 The Spectrum of Discrete Signals
12.1 Discrete-Time Signals
12.2 Some Simple Sequences
12.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
12.4 Sampling Continuous Signals
12.5 Properties of the F* Transform
12.6 Exercises
13 The z-Transform
13.1 Definition and Examples
13.2 Region of Convergence of the z-Transform
13.3 Relationships to Other Transformations
13.4 Theorems of the z-Transform
13.5 Inverse z-Transform
13.6 Pole-Zero diagrams in the z-Plane
13.7 Exercises
14 Discrete-Time LTI-Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Linearity and Time-Invariance
14.3 Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients
14.4 Characteristic Sequences and System Functions of Discrete LTI-Systems
14.5 Block Diagrams and State-Space
14.6 Discrete Convolution and Impulse Response
14.7 Exercises
15 Causality and the Hilbert Transform
15.1 Causal Systems
15.2 Causal Signals
15.3 Signals with a One-Sided Spectrum
15.4 Exercises
16 Stability and Feedback Systems
16.1 BIBO,Impulse Response and Frequency Response Curve
16.2 Causal Stable LTI-Systems
16.3 Feedback Systems
16.4 Exercises
17 Describing Random Signals
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Expected Values
17.3 Stationary Random Processes
17.4 Correlation Functions
17.5 Power density Spectra
17.6 Describing Discrete Random Signals
17.7 Exercises
18 Random Signals and LTI-Systems
18.1 Combining Random Signals
18.2 Response of LTI-Systems to Random Signals
18.3 Signal Estimation Using the Wiener Filter
18.4 Exercises
Appendix A Solutions to the Exercises
Appendix B Tables of Transformations
B.1 Bilateral Laplace Transform Pairs
B.2 Properties of the Bilateral Laplace Transform
B.3 Fourier Transform Pairs
B.4 Properties of the Fourier Transform
B.5 Two-sided z-Transform Pairs
B.6 Properties of the z-Transform
B.7 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Pairs
B.8 Proerties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
Bibliography
Index