化学和工程热力学（第3版）

内容简介

　　随着中国社会主义现代化建设进入新的阶段，以高质量的高等教育培养千百万专门人才，迎接新世纪的挑战，是实现“科教兴国”战略的基础工程，也是完成“十五”计划各项奋斗目标的重要保证。为切实加强高等学校本科教学并提高教学质量，教育部于2001年专门下发文件提出12条意见，对高等学校教学工作从认识、管理、教师队伍到教学方法和教学手段等给予指导。文件强调，按照“教育要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来”的要求，为适应经济全球化和科技国际化的挑战，本科教育要创造条件使用英语等外语进行公共课和专业课教学。在文件精神指导下，全国普通高等学校尤其是重点高校中兴起了使用国外教材开展教学活动的潮流。如生物技术与工程、环境科学与工程、材料科学与工程及作为其学科基础理论重要组成部分的化学技术和化学工程技术又是这股潮流中最为活跃的领域之一。在教育部“化工类专业人才培养方案及教学内容体系改革的研究与实践”项目组及“化工类专业创新人才培养模式、教学内容、教学方法和教学技术改革的研究与实践”项目组和“全国本科化学工程与工艺专业教学指导委员会”的指导和支持下，化学工业出版社及时启动了引进国外名校名著的教材工程。出版社组织编辑人员多次赴国外学习考察，通过国外出版研究机构对国外著名的高等学校进行调查研究，搜集了一大批国际知名院校的现用教材选题。他们还联络国内重点高校的专家学者组建了“国外名校名著评价委员会”，对国外和国内高等本科教学进行比较研究，对教材内容质量进行审查评议，然后决定是否引进。他们与国外许多著名的出版机构建立了联系，有的还建立了长期合作关系，以掌握世界范围内优秀教材的出版动态。以其化学化工专业领域的优势资源为基础，化学工业出版社的教材引进主要涉及化学、化学工程与工艺、环境科学与工程、生物技术与工程、材料科学与工程、制药工程等专业，对过程装备与控制工程、自动化等传统专业教材的引进也在规划之中。

作者简介

　　STANLEY I.SANDLER earned the B．Ch．E．degree in 1962 from the City College of New Y0rk．and the Ph．D．in chemical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1966．He was then a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at　the Institute for Molecular Physics at the University of Maryland for the 1966-67　academic year．He joined the faculty of the University of Delaware in 1967 as all assistant professor，and was promoted to associate professor in 1970．professor in 1973 and Henry Belin du Pont Professor of Chemical Engineering in 1982．He was department chairman from 1 982 to 1986．He currently is also professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Delaware and founding director of its Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics．He has been a visiting professor at Imperial College（London），the Technical University of Berlin．the University of Queensland（Australia）and the University of California．Berkeley．In addition to this book．Professor Sandier is the author of 225 research papers and a monograph，and he is the editor of a book on thermodynamic modeling and five conference proceedings．Among his many awards and honors are a Faculty Scholar Award（1971）from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation，a Research Fellow-ship（1980）and US．Senior Scientist Award（1988）from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation（Germany），the 3M Chemical Engineering Lectureship Award （1988）from the American Society for Engineering Education，the Professional Progress（1984）and Warren K．Lewis Awards（1996）from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers，the E．V Murphree Award（1996）from the American Chemical Society， the Rossini Lectureship Award（1 997）from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry， and election to the US．National Academy of Engineering

图书目录

NOTATION CHAPTENR 1        INTRODUCTION                                   1.1 the Central Problems of Thermodynamics       11.2 A System of Units        31.3 The Equilibrium State        51.4 Pressure , Temperature , and Equilibrium        71.5 Heat , Work , and    the   Conservation of Energy        121.6 Specification of the Equilibrium State ; Intensive and Extensive Variables; Equations of State        151.7 A Summary of Important Experimental Observations        181.8 A Comment on the Development of Thermodynamics         20
CHAPTER    2         CONSERVATION OF MASS AND ENERGY    22                                   2.1 A General   Balance Equation and Conserved                                            Quantities         23                                   2.2 Conservation of Mass         272.3 Conservation of Energy        302.4 The Thermodynamic Properties of   Matter    432.5 Applications   of the Mass and Energy Balances        512.6 Conservation of Momentum        752.7 The Microscopic Equations of Change for Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics (Optional)         76
CHAPTER 3           ENTROPY: AN ADDITIONAL   BALANCE                                   EQUATION             893.1 Entropy: A New Concept         903.2 The Entropy Balance and Reversibility        973.3 Heat, Work , Engines,   and Entropy        1033.4 Entropy Changes of Matter        1123.5 Applications of the Entropy Balance        1153.6 Liquefaction        1283.7 Power    Generation    and    Refrigeration    Cycles         1323.8 The Thermodynamics of Mechanical Explosions        1543.9 The   Microscopic   Entropy   Balance     (Optional)        163
CHAPTER   4          THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF                                    REAL SUBSTANCES         1754.1 Some Mathematical Preliminaries         1754.2 The Evaluation of Thermodynamic partial Derivatives         1794.3 The Ideal Gas and Absolute-Temperature Scales         1944.4 The Evaluation of Change in the Thermodynamic Properties of Real Substances Accompanying a Change of State        1954.5 An Example Involving the Change of State of a Real Gas        2194.6 The Principle of Corresponding States        2254.7 Generalized Equations of State        2384.8 The Third Law of Thermodynamics         2424.9 More About Thermodynamic Partial Derivatives (Optional )         243
CHAPTER 5           EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY IN ONE-                                   COMPONENT   SYSTEMS         2605.1 The Criteria for Equilibrium        2605.2 Stability of Thermodynamic Systems        2655.3 Phase Euqilibria : Application of the Equilibrium and Stability         2725.4 The Molar Gibbs Free Energy and Fugacity of a Pure Component        2795.5 The Calculation of Pure Fluid-Phase Equilibrium: The Computation of Vapor Pressure from an Equilibrium of State        2955.6 The Specification of the Equilibrium Thermodynamic State of a System of Several Phases : The Gibbs Phase Rule for   a One-Component System         3035.7 Thermodynamic Properties of Phase Transitions        307 CHAPTER 6           THE THERMODYNAMICS OF                                    MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES          3246.1 The   Thermodynamic   Description   of    Mixtures        3246.2 The Partial Molar Gibbs Free Energy and the Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Equation        3336.3 A Notation for Chemical Reactions        3376.4 The Equations of Change for a Multicomponent System        3406.5 The Heat of Reaction and a Convention for the Thermodynamic Properties of Reacting Mixtures        3496.6 The Experimental Determination of the Partial Molar Volume and Enthalpy         3546.7 Criteria for Phase Equilibrium in Multicomponent Systems         3646.8 The   Criteria   for   Chemical Equilibrium,   and Combined    Chemical and   Phase      Equilibrium          3686.9 The Specifica