I Radio Frequency Amplifiers 1
1-1 Impedance Review 5
1-2 Series Resonance 6
1-3 Circuit Qand Bandwidth 8
1-4 Parallel Resonance 9
1-5 Small-Signal RF Amplifier Analysis 14
1-6 Small-signal RF Amplifier Design18
1-7 Coupling Tuned Circuits 22
1-8 Nonideal Transformer Coupling 25
1-9 Double-Tuned Circuits 31
1-10 Laplace Transforms 35
1-11 Computer Analysis 45
2 Oscillators 54
2-1 Hartley Oscillator Circuit Analysis 57
2-2 Colpitts Oscillator 60
2-3 Clapp Oscillator 63
2-4 Tuned-input/Tuned-Output Oscillator 64
2-5 Untuned Oscillators 65
2-6 Oscillator Stability and Spectral Purity 68
2-7 Crystals and Crystal Oscillators 70
2-8 Pierce Crystal Oscillator 75
2-9 Computer Analysis 80
3 Signal Spectra 83
3-1 Fourier Series and Signal Analysis 84
3-2 Fourier Transforms 94
3-3 Effect of Filters on Signals 97
3-4 Harmonic and Phase Distortion 100
3-5 Nondeterministic Signals 101
3-6 Computer Analysis 105
4 Elements of Noise 111
4-1 System Noise Sources 112
4-2 Noise Spectral Density and Circuit Calculations 115
4-3 Noise and Feedback 119
4-4 System Noise Figure 119
4-5 Noise Temperature 120
4-6 Noise Bandwidth 121
4-7 Correlation and Noise 123
4-8 Computer Analysis 129
5 Modulation and Amplitude-Modulation Systems 133
5-1 Communications Systems 134
5-2 Voice Transmission and Multiplexing 135
5-3 Modulation 136
5-4 AM Spectrum and Bandwidth 139
5-5 Power in an AM Signal 141
5-6 Nonsinusoidal Modulation Signals 142
5-7 AM Demodulation 144
5-8 AM Receiver Systems 148
5-9 Superheterodyne Receivers for AM 149
5-10 Receiver Gain and Sensitivity 151
5-11 Power Level in dBm and dBW 152
5-12 AGO and Dynamic Range 154
5-13 Receiver Noise 157
5-14 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) 158
5-15 Derivation of the Noise Figure Equation 158
5-16 Bandwidth Improvement 160
5-17 Bandwidth Narrowing 163
5-18 Computer Analysis 166
6 Transmitter Circuits 170
6-1 Power Amplifiers 171
6-2 Neutralization 177
6-3 Integrated Circuit, RF Power Amplifiers 178
6-4 Impedance-Matching Networks 184
6-5 AM Modulator Circuits 193
6-6 Computer Analysis 201
7 Receiver Circuits 204
7-1 Low-Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) 205
7-2 Mixers 208
7-3 Tuning the Standard Broadcast Receiver 217
7-4 Filter Requirements for Interference Control and Selectivity 219
7-5 Filter Circuit Design 225
7-6 IF Amplifiers 234
7-7 ACC Circuits 240
7-8 The Audio System 244
7-9 Distortion and Feedback 247
7-10 Computer Analysis 265
8 Sideband Systems 283
8-1 Vestigial Sideband 284
8-2 Double Sideband/Suppressed Carrier 285
8-3 Balanced Modulator 286
8-4 Product Detector 293
8-5 Phase Distortion in the Demodulation of Suppressed-Carrier Systems 393
8-6 Single Sideband/Suppressed Carrier 294
8-7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing in Telephone Systems 301
8-8 Quadrature Multiplexing 304
8-9 Costas Loop for Suppressed-Carrier Demodulation 806
8-10 Computer Analysis 310
9 Frequency and Phase Modulation 312
9-1 Frequency Modulation 312
9-2 Phase Modulation 323
9-3 Advantages of PM over FM 332
9-4 FM Transmitter Circuits 333
9-5 Frequency Stability and AFC 346
9-6 FM Receivers 351
9-7 Noise Performance 364
9 8 Stereo FM 367
9-9 Computer Analysis 374
10 Phase-Locked Loops 381
10-1 Loop Components 383
10-2 Basic Loop Behavior 389
10-3 Loop Frequency Response and Bandwidth 393
10-4 FM and FSK Applications of PLLs 399
10-5 Noise 400
10-6 Improving Loop Response 401
10-7 Phase-Locked Loop Compensation 410
10-8 Frequency Synthesizers 417
10-9 Coherent Receivers: Phase-Locked Loop, Acquisition,
10-10 Computer Analysis 439
11 Pulse and Digital Modulation 444
11-1 Sampled Data and the Sampling Theorem 444
11-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation Natural and Flat-Top Sampling 447
11-3 Pulse Width and Pulse Position Modulation (PWM & PPM) 453
11-4 Digital Modulation 456
11-5 Quantization Noise 466
11-6 Qualitative Comparisons of Pulse and Digital Modulation Systems 467
11-7 Computer Analysis 470
12 Digital Communication Concepts 472
12-1 Digital Information 473
12-2 Information Transfer Rate 474
12-3 Signaling (Baud) Rate 475
12-4 System Capacity 477
12-5 Bandwidth Considerations 480
12-6 Power in Digital Signals 484
12-7 PCM System Analysis 486
12-8 PCM Telephone Circuitry 496
12-9 Computer Analysis 506
13 Data Communication Techniques 516
13-1 Standard Digital Codes 517
13-2 Error Detection 525
13-3 Noise and Data Errors 532
13-4 Intercomputer Communications 535
13-5 Serial-Transmission Interfacing 536
13-6 Carrier Systems and Modems 546
13-7 Synchronous Communication Techniques 552
13-8 Open System Interconnect and ISDN 562
13-9 Computer Analysis 571
14 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 576
14-1 Transmission Lines 577
14-2 Sinusoidal Signals as Traveling Waves 585
14-3 The Smith Chart 589
14-4 Impedance-Matching Techniques 592
14-5 S-Parameters 595
14-6 Microstrip Amplifier Design 601
14-7 Waveguides 608
14-8 Directional Couplers 615
14-9 Computer Analysis 620
15 Antennas and Radiowave Propagation 625
15-1 Antenna Radiation 626
15-2 Received Power and Electric Field Strength 629
15-3 Dipole (Hertz) Antenna 629
15-4 Directivity, Gain, and Aperture 630
15-5 Beamwidth 631
15-6 The Grounded Vertical (Marconi) Antenna 631
15-7 Television Antennas and Arrays 633
15-8 The Folded Dipole 634
15-9 Turnstiles, Yagis, and Other Arrays 635
15-10 Loop Antennas 639
15-11 Parabolic Dish Antennas 640
15-12 Wave Propagation Through Space 644
15-13 Power Loss in Space 648
15-14 Computer Analysis 653
16 Basic Television 656
16-1 Overview: Studio to Viewer 657
16-2 Frequency Allocations 658
16-3 TV Cameras 659
16-4 The Scan Raster and Synchronizing Signals 660
16-5 Video Bandwidth and Resolution 662
16-6 Transmitted Video and Audio Signals 662
16-7 Black-and-White TV Receivers 663
16-8 Color Television 674
16-9 High-Definition Television 681
17 Digital Radio and Space Communication 691
17-1 Modems and Digital Modulation Techniques 693
17-2 Noise and Error Rate Performance 710
17-3 Space and Frequency Diversity 714
17-4 System Gain, Power, and Noise Budgets 715
17-5 Satellite Access for Global Networking 720
17-6 Spread Spectrum Systems 730
17-7 Multiple Access Cellular Systems 737
17-8 Digital Modulation in Wireless Cellular and Personal
17-9 RF Receiver and Transmitter System Considerations 760
17-10 RF Integrated Circuits and Transceivers for Digital Communications 780
17-11 Computer Analysis 806
18 Fiber-Optic Communication 811
18-1 The Optical Fiber Communication Link 812
18-2 Light 813
18-3 Light Propagation in Glass Fibers 814
18-4 Transmitter Devices and Circuits 825
18-5 Receiver Devices and Circuits 831
18-6 Transmission Technology 834
17-9 RF Receiver and Transmitter System Considerations 760
17-10 RF Integrated Circuits and Transceivers for Digital Communications 780
17-11 Computer Analysis 806
18 Fiber-Optic Communication 811
18-1 The Optical Fiber Communication Link 812
18-2 Light 813
18-3 Light Propagation in Glass Fibers 814
18-4 Transmitter Devices and Circuits 825
18-5 Receiver Devices and Circuits 831
18-6 Transmission Technology 834
18-7 Fiber-Optic Data-Link Analysis 840
18-8 Fiber-Optic Communication Applications 847
18-9 Computer Analysis 859
Appendices A-1
Appendix A Introducing the Impulse Function A-2
Appendix B Filter Attenuation Curves A-4
Appendix C Feedback Analysis for a Transconductance Amplifier A-10
Appendix D Derivation of Frequency Response for PLLs A-12
Appendix E Communications Software A-16
Appendix F Abbreviations and Acronyms A-22
Answers to Selected Problems ANS-1
Index I-1
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