Part I
Getting Started with Cisco Networks2
Chapter 1
Internetworking Concepts Overview4
Defining Network Components 5
Mapping Business Needs to a Hierarchical Model 7
Access Layer 8
Distribution Layer 9
Core Layer 9
OSI Reference Model Overview 10
Upper Layers 10
Lower Layers 11
Communicating Between OSI Reference Model Layers 12
Physical Layer Functions 14
Physical Media and Connectors 15
Collision/Broadcast Domains 16
Data Link Layer Functions 18
MAC Sublayer Frames 19
LLC Sublayer Frames 20
Data Link Layer Devices 21
Network Layer Functions 24
Network Layer Addresses 24
Router Operation at the Network Layer 26
Transport Layer Functions 28
OSI Lower Layer Review 30
Selecting Cisco Products 32
Cisco Hub Products 34
Catalyst Switch Products 35
Cisco Router Products 36
Summary 38
Review Questions 38
Chapter 2
Assembling and Cabling Cisco Devices40
Cabling the LAN 41
LAN Physical Layer Implementations 43
Positioning Ethernet in the Campus 44
Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements 45
Differentiating Between Connections 46
UTP Implementation 47
Cabling the Campus 52
Cabling the WAN 53
WAN Physical Layer Implementations 55
Differentiating Between WAN Serial Connections 55
Cabling Routers for Serial Connections 57
Cabling Routers for ISDN BRI Connections 62
Setting Up Console Connections to Cisco Devices 64
Summary 65
Review Questions 65
Chapter 3
Operating and Configuring a Cisco IOS Device66
Basic Operation of Cisco IOS Software 67
Operations upon Router/Switch Startup 68
Router/Switch Configuration Locations 68
IOS Command Modes 69
What Happens When You Start a Switch 70
Catalyst Switch Status LEDs 71
Logging On to a 1900 Switch After Startup 74
Keyboard Help in Switch Command-Line Interface 75
Context-Sensitive Help for Switches 76
Console Error Messages for Switches 77
Command History Buffer for Switches 77
Commands to Get Basic Switch Information 78
show version
Command 78
show running-configuration
Command 79
show interfaces
Command 80
show ip
Command 82
Configuring the Switch from the Command Line 82
What Happens When You Start a Router 83
Initial Router Configuration 84
Modifying Router Configuration 89
Keyboard Help in Router Command-Line Interface 91
Context-Sensitive Help for Routers 92
Console Error Messages for Routers 92
Command History Buffer for Routers 93
Using CLI Help Features Example 94
Enhanced Editing Mode: Editing Key Functions 96
Commands to Get Basic Router Information 98
show version
Command 98
show running-configurationandshow startup-configurationCommands 98
Configuring a Router from the Command Line 99
Additional Useful Console Commands 104
Configuring Router Interfaces 104
Summary 110
Review Questions 110
Chapter 4
Managing Your Network Environment112
Getting Information About Neighboring Devices 113
Displaying General Information About Neighboring Devices 115
Displaying CDP Information About a Device 115
Displaying CDP Information About Neighboring Devices 116
Displaying Detailed CDP Information About Neighboring Devices 118
Displaying Information About Device Traffic 119
Displaying Configuration Information and Interface Status for a Device 120
Getting Information About Remote Devices 120
Establishing a Telnet Session to a Remote Device 120
Verifying and Displaying Active Telnet Sessions 121
Suspending, Re-Establishing, and Ending Active Telnet Sessions 122
Documenting the Network with the ping and traceroute Commands 123
Router Booting Sequence and Verification Commands 124
Router Booting Sequence 124
Router Components 125
ROM Microcode 126
Loading/Running the Router Configuration 131
Managing Router Configurations with copy Commands 132
IOS File System 135
Moving/Managing Router Configuration Files 136
Managing IOS Images 137
Backing Up Your IOS Image File 138
Loading a New IOS Image File from the Network Server 139
Summary 140
Review Questions 140
Part II
Interconnecting Catalyst Switches
142
Chapter 5
Catalyst 1900 Switch Operations
144
Basic Layer 2 Switching (Bridging) Technologies 145
The Address Learning Function 146
Forward/Filter Decision 148
Loop Avoidance 150
How Spanning Tree Works 155
How Devices Stay Informed About the Topology 161
Catalyst Switch Technology 162
How Frames Are Transmitted 162
How the Switch Talks to Other Devices 163
Configuring the Catalyst 1900 Switch 165
Default Configuration Settings for the Catalyst 1900 Switch 165
Default Port Configurations for the Catalyst 1900 Switch 166
Configuration Modes for the Catalyst 1900 Switch 167
Configuring the IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway on the Catalyst
1900 Switch 167
Configuring the Duplex Mode for a Catalyst 1900 Switch Interface 168
MAC Addresses and Catalyst 1900 Switch Port Interfaces 170
Displaying Switch IOS Information 174
Managing Switch Configuration Files 175
Catalyst 1900 Switch Command Summary 176
Summary 177
Review Questions 177
Chapter 6
Extending Switched Networks with Virtual LANs
178
VLAN Concepts 182
How VLANs Operate 183
VLAN Membership Modes 184
Inter-Switch Links 185
ISL Tagging 186
ISL Encapsulation 187
VLAN Trunking Protocol 188
VTP Modes 189
How VTP Works 191
VTP Pruning 192
VLAN Configuration 193
VLAN Configuration Guidelines 194
VLAN Configuration Steps 194
VTP Configuration Guidelines 195
Configuring VTP 195
Adding a VLAN 197
Verifying a VLAN/Modifying VLAN Parameters 197
Assigning Ports to a VLAN 198
Displaying Spanning-Tree Protocol Configuration Status 199
VLAN Command Summary 200
Summary 200
Review Questions 201
Part III
Interconnecting Cisco Routers
202
Chapter 7
Interconnecting Networks with TCP/IP
204
TCP/IP Application Layer Overview 206
TCP/IP Transport Layer Overview 206
TCP/UDP Header Format 207
How TCP and UDP Use Port Numbers 209
Establishing a TCP Connection: The Three-Way Handshake 211
Flow Control for TCP/UDP 213
TCP/IP Internet Layer Overview 215
IP 215
Internet Control Message Protocol 217
Address Resolution Protocol 218
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol 219
TCP/IP Address Overview 220
IP Address Classes 222
Host Addresses 224
Subnet Addresses 226
Subnet Masks 227
Broadcasts 231
Identifying IP Addresses 233
Subnet Planning 235
Configuring IP Addresses 237
Assigning Switch Logical Network Addresses and Default Gateways 237
Assigning Router Interface Logical Network Addresses 237
Specifying the Subnet Mask Format 238
Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses 238
Defining Name Servers 239
Displaying Host Names and Addresses 240
Inter-VLAN Routing 241
TCP/IP Command Summary 245
Summary 245
Review Questions 245
Chapter 8
Determining IP Routes
248
Routing Overview 249
Enabling Static Routes 251
Learning Routes Dynamically Using Routing Protocols 254
Interior Gateway Protocols Versus Exterior Gateway Protocols 256
Administrative Distance 256
Overview of Routing Protocol Classes 259
Distance Vector Routing Protocols 260
Link-State and Hybrid Routing Protocols 274
Configuring Dynamic Routing Protocols 276
Enabling RIP 277
Verifying RIP Routing Information 279
Displaying IP Routing Table Information in RIP Networks 280
Displaying RIP Routing Updates 282
Enabling IGRP 282
IGRP Metrics 283
IGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing 284
IGRP Routing Process 285
IGRP Load Balancing/Sharing 286
Verifying IGRP Routing Information 287
Displaying IP Routing Table Information in IGRP Networks 288
Displaying IGRP Routing Transaction Information 288
Displaying IGRP Routing Information Summaries 289
IGRP Routing Update Example 290
Assigning a Default Route to an Unknown Subnet of a Directly Attached
Network 293
Routing Command Summary 294
Summary 294
Review Questions 294
Chapter 9
Basic IP Traffic Management with Access Lists
296
Understanding Access Lists 297
Access List Functions and Operations 300
Access List Operations 300
Access List Condition Testing 302
Guidelines for Access List Implementation 303
Access List Command Basics 304
TCP/IP Access Lists 306
Standard IP Access List Configuration 310
Example 1: Access List Blocking Traffic from an External Network 311
Example 2: Access List Blocking Traffic from a Single Host 313
Example 3: Access List Blocking Traffic from a Single Subne 313
Controlling vty Access with Access Class Entries 314
Extended IP Access Lists 317
Configuring an Extended Access List 318
Example 1: Extended Access List Blocking FTP Traffic from a Specified
Subnet 319
Example 2: Extended Access List Blocking Telnet Traffic from a Specified
Subnet 320
Named IP Access Lists 321
Guidelines for Standard, Extended, and Named Access List Implementation 322
Verifying and Monitoring Access Lists 324
Access List Command Summary 325
Summary 326
Review Questions 326
Chapter 10
Configuring Novell IPX
328
IPX Fundamentals 329
Novell NetWare IPX Protocol Stack 330
Novell IPX Addressing 332
Novell IPX Network Numbers 333
Novell IPX Packet Encapsulation 334
NetWare Protocols 337
Configuring IPX Routing 339
Global Tasks for IPX Routing Configuration 340
Interface Tasks for IPX Routing Configuration 341
IPX Routing Configuration Example 343
Verifying and Monitoring IPX Routing 345
Displaying IPX Interface Status and Parameters 345
Displaying IPX Routing Table Contents 346
Displaying IPX Server Information 347
Displaying IPX Traffic Volume and Type Information 348
Displaying Information About RIP Update Packets 348
Displaying Information About SAP Update Packets 349
Checking IPX Host Reachability 350
IPX Access Lists 350
Standard IPX Access Lists 353
Extended IPX Access Lists 355
IPX Access Lists to Filter SAP Traffic 356
Verifying/Displaying IPX Access Lists 360
IPX Command Summary 361
Summary 362
Review Questions 362
Part IV
Extendingthe Network to WANs
364
Chapter 11
Establishing Serial Point-to-Point Connections
365
WAN Overview 367
WAN Connectivity Options 368
WAN Terminology 369
WAN Serial Line Standards 370
WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation 372
Configuring HDLC Encapsulation 374
PPP Encapsulation Overview 375
PPP Components: NCP and LCP 376
Establishing a PPP Connection 378
Configuring PPP Encapsulation and PAP and CHAP Authentication 379
PAP Authentication 379
CHAP Authentication 380
Enabling PPP Encapsulation and PAP or CHAP Authentication 380
Sample PAP/CHAP Configurations 382
Verifying PPP Encapsulation Configuration 383
Serial Point-to-Point Connection Command Summary 384
Summary 385
Review Questions 385
Chapter 12
Completing an ISDN BRI Call
386
ISDN BRI Overview 387
ISDN Components 390
BRI Call Processing 391
ISDN CPE Equipment and Reference Points 392
ISDN Switch Types and SPIDs 395
Enabling ISDN BRI 395
Dial-on-Demand Routing Overview 397
Configuring Standard DDR 400
Step 1: Defining Static Routes 400
Step 2: Specifying Interesting Traffic 401
Step 3: Configuring the Dialer Information 402
Example: Configuring a Router for DDR Over an ISDN BRI Line 403
Verifying DDR Over ISDN Configuration and Operation 405
Troubleshooting DDR Operation 406
ISDN BRI Command Summary 406
Summary 407
Review Questions 407
Chapter 13
Establishing a Frame Relay PVC Connection
410
Frame Relay Overview 411
Frame Relay Components and Terminology 412
Address Mapping and LMI Signaling for Frame Relay Connections 414
Configuring Frame Relay 418
Configuring Static Mapping for a Router 420
Displaying Frame Relay Connection Status and Information 421
Displaying LMI Traffic Statistics 422
Displaying Frame Relay Connection and Traffic Statistics 422
Displaying Frame Relay Connection Map Entry Information 423
Clearing Dynamically Created Frame Relay Maps 423
Verifying and Troubleshooting Frame Relay Connections 424
Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces 425
Frame Relay Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Reachability Problems 426
Resolving Frame Relay NBMA Reachability Problems with Subinterface
Configuration 427
Point-to-Point Subinterface Configuration Example 429
Multipoint Subinterface Configuration Example 430
Frame Relay Command Summary 431
Summary 432
Review Questions 432
Part V
Appendixes
434
Appendix A
Configuring AppleTalk
436
AppleTalk Overview 437
AppleTalk Addressing 438
AppleTalk Zones and Services 441
Configuring AppleTalk Routing 443
Enabling AppleTalk and Selecting a Routing Update Protocol 444
Assigning a Range of Network Numbers to Each Interface 445
Assigning Each Interface to a Zone 445
AppleTalk Configuration Example 445
AppleTalk Discovery Mode 447
Displaying AppleTalk Interface Information 451
Displaying AppleTalk Routing Table Contents 451
Displaying AppleTalk Zone Information Table Contents 452
Displaying Global AppleTalk Configuration Parameters for a Router 452
Displaying RTMP Routine Output 453
Summary 453
AppleTalk Command Summary 454
Review Questions 454
Appendix B
Establishing a HyperTerminal Session
456
Creating a HyperTerminal Session 458
Appendix C
Cisco 700 Series Routers
462
Cisco 700 Series Overview and Configuration 463
Cisco 700 Series Router Profiles 464
Cisco IOS-700 Commands 465
Cisco 700 Series Router Configuration Example 469
Appendix D
Password Recovery
472
The Virtual Configuration Register 473
Changing the Virtual Configuration Register Settings 473
Enabling Booting from Flash Memory 479
The Password Recovery Process 479
Password Recovery Procedure 1 480
Password Recovery Procedure 2 482
Appendix E
Answers to Review Questions
486
Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 487
Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions 488
Answers to Chapter 3 Review Questions 489
Answers to Chapter 4 Review Questions 490
Answers to Chapter 5 Review Questions 491
Answers to Chapter 6 Review Questions 492
Answers to Chapter 7 Review Questions 493
Answers to Chapter 8 Review Questions 495
Answers to Chapter 9 Review Questions 496
Answers to Chapter 10 Review Questions 498
Answers to Chapter 11 Review Questions 499
Answers to Chapter 12 Review Questions 500
Answers to Chapter 13 Review Questions 501
Answers to Appendix A Review Questions 501
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