Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Overview of a Campus Network 3
Campus Network Overview 4
Traditional Campus Networks 4
Canent Calnpus Networks 8
The Emerging Canlpus Network 11
Emerging Campus Structure 11
Switching Technologies 13
Basic Layer Terminology 13
Layer 2 Switchlng 14
Benefits of Routing 16
Layer 3 Switching 18
Layer 4 Switching 19
Multilayer Switching 20
The Hierarchical Model 20
The Access Layer 21
The Disuibution Layer 21
The Core Layer 22
Choosing a Cisco Product 22
The Building Block Approach 24
The Switch Block 25
The Core Block 28
Campus Network Availability Example 35
Summary 39
Review Questions 40
Written Exercises: Overview of a Campus Network 41
Task 1: Describing Layer 2, 3, and 4 and Multilayer Switching Functions 41
Task 2: Identifying the Switch Layer Solution for a Given Network
Requirement 42
Task 3 : Given a Set of User Requirements, Identify the Cooect Cisco Product
Solution 43
Task 1 Answers: Describing Layer 2, 3, and 4 and Multilayer Switching
Functions 44
Task 2 Answers: Identifying the Switch Layer Solution for a Given Network
Requirement 45
Task 3 Answers: Given a Set of User Requirements, Identify the Conect Cisco
Ptoduct Solution 46
Chapter 2 Connecting the Switch Block 49
Introduction to Connecting the Switch Block 49
Cable Media Types 50
Ethernet 50
Fast Ethemet 51
Gigabit Ethemet 54
Example of Subscribing Links 56
Cabling Switch Block Devices 60
Connecting to the Console Port on an IOS Command-Based Switch 61
Connecting to the Console Port on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch 62
Connecting to an Ethemet Port 62
Configuring Connectivity within the Switch Block 63
Limiting Switch Access Using Passwords 64
Uniquely Defming the Switch 66
Configuring Switch Remote Accessibility 67
Uniquely Identifying Pons 68
Defining Link Speed 69
Maximizing Data Transmission 69
Verifying Connectivity 71
Summary 72
Review Questions 73
Case Study: Connecting the Switch Block 73
Scenario 73
Command List 75
Task 1 : Conagure the Access Layer Connection to the PC 77
Task 2: Configure the Connections Between the Access Layer Switches and the
Distribution Layer Switches 79
Task 3 : Configure the Connections from the Distribution Layer Switches to the
Core Layer Switches 82
Chapter 3 Defining Common Workgroups with VLANs 87
VLANs 87
Defming VLAN Boundaries 90
Establishing VLAN Memberships 93
Configuring VLANs 94
Verifying VLAN Configuration 95
VLAN Identification 96
Link Types 96
VLAN Frame Identification Methods 99
Trunk Negotiation 104
Configuring a Trunk Link 104
VLAN Trunking Protocol 106
Adding a Switch to an Existing Domain 109
VTP Advenisements 110
VTP Configuration Tasks and Guidelines 112
VTP Pruning 115
Summary 118
Review Questions 118
Case Study: Defining Common Workgroups 118
Scenario 119
Command List 120
Task 1 : Configure the Access Layer Devices widl VTP Domain, VLANs, and
Trunlcs 121
Task 2: Configuriog the Distribution Layer Switches with VTP Domain and
Trunks 125
Chapter 4 Managing Redundant Links 131
Overview of Transparent Bridging 131
Inuoduction to the Spanning-Tree Ptotocol 134
Bridge Protocol Data Units 135
Electing a Root Bridge 137
Forming an Association with the Root Bridge 137
Spanning-Tree Pon States 139
Spanning-Tree Timers 140
Handling Topology Changes in Sp
Spanning Tree Example 143
Enabling Spanning Tree 144
Virtual LANs alld Spanning Tree 147
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 147
Common Sp
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus 149
Scaling SP
Establishing the Root Bridge 151
Determining the Best Loop-Free Path to the Root 153
Modifying Spanning-Tree Timers 158
EtherChannel 159
Configuring UplinkFast 165
Configuring BackboneFast 168
Summary 170
Review Questions 170
Case Study: Managing Redundant Links 171
Scenario 171
Command List 173
Task 1 : Verify Operation of the Spanning-Tree Protocol 174
Task 2 : Configure the
Task 3 : Configure Fast EtherChannel 178
Task 4: Conagure PortFast and UplinkFast 182
Chapter 5 Inter-VLAN Routing 187
Inter-VLAN Routing Issues and Solutions 187
Isolated Broadcast Domains 188
Finding the Route 189
Supponing Multiple VLAN Traffic 189
Distribution Layer Topology 192
Extemal Route Processors 192
Intemal Route Ptocessors 193
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 196
Loading alld Accessing dle Route Processor 197
Enabling an m Routing Ptotocol 198
Configuring an Interface 199
Defining the Default Gateway 203
Testing dle Link 204
Summary 205
Review Questions 206
Case Study: Inter-VLAN Routing 206
Scenario 206
Command List 208
Task I : Perform Basic Router Setup 210
Task 2: Configure Routing on the Route Switch Module 211
Task 3: Verify IP Addresses and Establish a Default Gateway for the
Workstation 213
Chapter 6 Improving IP Routing PeHormance with Multilayer Switching 217
Multilayer Switching Fundamentals 217
Hardware and SoRware Requirements 219
MLS Components 219
How MLS Works 220
Conmmands That Disable MLS 226
Configuring the Multilayer Switch Route hocessor 227
Globally Enabling MLS on the Route Processor 227
Assigning an MLS Interface to a
Enabling MLS on an Interface 229
Creating a Null Domain 230
Assigning an MLS Management Interface 230
Assigning a VLAN m to an Interface on an Extemal Router 231
Verifying the Configuration 232
Applying Flow Masks 233
Destination-m Flow Mask 234
Source-Destination-m Flow Mask 234
IP-Flow Mask 235
Output Access Lists and Flow Masks 235
Input Access Lists and Flow Masks 237
Configuring the Multilayer Switch Switching Engine 238
Enabling IVIIJS on the Switch 238
Aging Out Cache EnRies on dle Switch 239
Managing ShoH-Lived Flows 239
Adding Extemal Router MLS IDs 240
Verifying the Configuration 242
MLS Topology Examples 244
Topology Example 244
Topology Changes and Routing Impacts 245
Topology Quiz 246
Other Layer 3 Switching Technologies 247
Summary 248
Review Questions 248
Case Study: Improving m Routing Perfonnance with Multilayer Switching 249
Scenario 249
Command List 251
Task 1: Configure the Distribution Layer Route Processor to Participate in
Multilayer Switching 252
Task 2: Configure the Distribution Layer Switching Engine to Participate in
Multilayer Switching 254
Task 3: Verify MLS Flow Cache 256
Chapter 7 Configuring HSRP for Fault-Tolerant Routing 259
HSRP Overview 259
Routing Issues in a Redundant Network 260
Solution to Routing Issues: Hot Standby Routing Ptotocol 263
HSRP Group Members 263
HSRP Operations 266
Locating the Virtual Router MAC Address 267
HSRP Messages 269
HSRP States 270
Configuring HSRP 272
Assigning HSRP Standby Ptiority 273
Configuring HSRP Standby heempt 274
Configuring HSRP Over Tnlnk Links 275
Conaguring Hello Message Timers 276
HSRP Interface Tracking 276
Displaying the Status of HSRP 278
S ummary 280
Review Questions 280
Case Study 281
Scenario 281
Command List 282
Task 1: Configure HSRP 282
Task 2: Ensure the Role of the Active Router by Assigning a Pteempt Status 285
Chapter 8 Multicast Overview 287
InRoduction to Multicasting 287
Unicast TraHic 288
Broadcast Traffic 290
Multicast Traffic 291
IP Multicast Characteristics 292
Addressing in an IP Multicast Environment 292
IP Multicast Address Suucture 293
Mapping MAC Addresses to m Multicast Addresses 294
Managing Multicast TraHic in a Canlpus Network 295
Subscribing and Maintaining Groups 296
IGMPv1 297
IGMPv2 299
Handling Multicast Traffc in a Switch 305
Routing Multicast Traffic 306
Distribution Trees 307
Managing the Scope of Delivery 310
Multicast Routing Protocols 312
Dense Mode Routing Protocols 313
Sparse Mode Routing Ptotocols 316
Summary 317
Review Questions 318
Written Exercises : Multicasting Overview 318
Task 1 : Transnlission Characteristics 319
Task 2 : Reconcile Multicast IP Addresses to Ethemet Addresses 319
Task 3 : The Functional Differences Between IG
Task 4 : The Setup Ptocedure in Which Routers and Switches Facilitate Multicast
Traffic 323
Task 1 Answers: Transmission Characteristics 323
Task 2 Answers: Reconcile Multicast m Addresses to Edlemet Addresses 324
Task 3 Answers: The Functional Differences Between IG
Task 4 Answers: The Setup Procedure in Which Routers and Switches Facilitate
Multicast Traffic 325
Chapter 9 Configuring IP Multicast 327
Planning for Multicasting 327
End-to-End IP Multicasting 329
Configuring m Multicast Routing 330
Enabling Multicasting 331
Configuring Multicast Interfaces 331
Verifying Pnvl Configuration 3 34
Selecting a Designated Router 335
Displaying a PDvl Neighbor 336
Configuring a Rendezvous Point 337
Defining the Scope of Delivery 341
Verining Molticast Configmation 342
Enhancing the Route Ptocessor 343
Joining a Multicast Group 343
Manipulating the IGMP Version 344
Enabling CGlvIP 345
Enabling CGMP on the Router 345
Enabling CGMP on the Switch 346
Enabling CGMP Leave 347
Verifying CGMP Configuration 348
Summary 349
Review Questions 350
Case Study: Configuring IP Multicast 351
Scenario 351
Command List 352
Task 1 : Configure the Primary Disuibution Router to Forward Multicast Traffic
Using the PIM DM Ptotocol 353
Task 2: Configure Multicast Traffic Using PIM SM 358
Task 3 : Enable ccFvm 359
Chapter 10 Controlling Access to the Campus Network 365
Defmition of an Access Policy 365
Applying Policies in a Hierarchical Model 366
Managing Network Devices 368
Physical Security 3 68
Assigning Passwords 368
Controlling Session Timeouts 370
Ptivilege IJeveIS 371
Banner Messages 373
Controning Vinual Terminal kccess 373
Controning
Access Layer Policy 376
Port Security 376
Disuibution Layer Policy 378
Controlling Infonnation with Filters 378
Filtering Routing Update Traffic 3 82
Core Layer Policy 3 85
Summary 3 85
Review Questions 386
Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 389
Chapter 1 Answers to Review Questions 389
Chapter 2 Answers to Review Questions 391
Chapter 3 Answers to Review Questions 392
Chapter 4 Answers to Review Questions 393
Chapter 5 Answers to Review Questions 394
Chapter 6 Answers to Review Quesdons 396
Chapter 7 Answers to Review Questions 397
Chapter 8 Answers to Review Questions 399
Chapter 9 Answers to Review Questions 400
Chapter IO Answers to Review Questions 401
Appendix B Switching Architectures and Functional Descriptions 405
Switching Terms and Defmitions 405
B ackplane 405
Local Switching 405
Oversubscription 406
Nonblocking 406
Queuing 406
Switching Decisions 406
Switching Fabric 407
Switching Components 407
Congestion Management 407
Switching Implementations 410
Central Switching Decision 411
Distributed Switching Decision 411
Multilayer Switching 411
Cisco Express Forwarding 412
Cisco Express Forwarding Modes 413
Catalyst 4000 Series Family 415
Catalyst 5000 Series Family 416
Catalyst 6000 Series Falnily 417
Catalyst 8500 Series Family 418
Index 420
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