口语语法：英文版

Acknowledgements
The author and series editors
Foreword
Transcription notations
Introduction
An exploratory grammar
Starting assumptions
Why do we want a linear grammar
Discourse analysis
What is a sentence grammar
Product and process
Why speech
Who is it for
1 The argument and organization of the book
Communicating in time
Immediate constituent grammars
Finite state grammars
Summary of the argument
Development of the description
2 Used language
Sample of data
Used speech is purposeful
Going through the motions
Interaction
What can be told or asked
Communicative need
Participants co-operate
Dealing with mismatches
Projecting a need
Existential values
Meaning and value
Existential antonyms
Scholarly background
Process and product
The purposeful increment
3 Telling and asking exchanges
The telling increment
Minimum requirements for telling: syntactic
Minimum requirements for telling: intonational
4 The simple chain
Initial, Intermediate, and Target States
Three-element chains
Four- and five-element chains
A set of sequencing rules
Some implications of the sequencing rules
The simple chain
Sample of data
5 Non-finite verbal elements
Non-finite forms
Extensions
Chains representing more than one telling increment
Suspension
Suspension in simple chains
Characteristics of suspensions
Suspensive non-finite verbal elements
Suspensive elements before chain-initial N
Extensions and suspensions compared
Sample of data
6 The relationship between elements
The relationship among constituents
Post-verbal and post-nominal functions
Indeterminacy and ambiguity
Non-significant differences
Indeterminacy in chains with non-finite verbal elements
Unrestricted reference
A finite-state account
Non-finite verbal elements as suspensions
7 The timing of events
The two time continua
Event time and moment of utterance
Differentiated and undifferentiated time reference
Perfective and imperfective verbs
Exploitation
Non-finite verbal elements
Event time with the -ing form
Event time with the to form
Event time with the pp form
Linearity
The effect of suspension
Non-finite verbal elements with post-nominal function
8 Selection and communication
Prominence and selection
Existential values
Tone units with two prominent syllables
The nature of prominence
Selection in two-prominence tone units
Sample of data
9 More on verbal elements
Analysis of multi-word elements
Selectional possibilities of auxiliary have
Communicative deficiency
Auxiliary have followed by non-finite forms
Auxiliary be
Events and conditions
Auxiliary be followed by non-finite forms
Longer verbal sequences
10 Modals and the plain infinitive
Modals
Base form of non-finite elements
Modals in sequence with non-finite forms
Conversational use of modals
Verbal element do
Plain infinitives following other verbal elements
Sample of data
11 More extensions and suspensions
Reduplication
The
symbol
Preposition/nominal elements
Indeterminacy resulting from reduplication
Same or different referent
Reduplicative N as extension or suspension
Finite second predication
Summary
12 Zero realization
Second mention
The 0 symbol
Zero realization in finite second predications
Who
Optional elements
Uses of zero realization compared
13 Open selectors
The pertinence of selection
Open selectors in telling increments
Functional indeterminacy of open selectors
Selection by equation
Prominent and non-prominent W
Selection by predication
Suspensions
Slot-filling who
Sample of data
14 Nominal elements
Events and things
Characterizing and identifying
Speaker''s choice
Post-nominal specification
Other kinds of post-specifiers
Pre-nominal specification
Ordering of adjectival elements
Intonation of pre-specified nominal elements
15 Talk about talk
What does the discourse count as
Retrospective labelling
Unlabelled intentions
Essential and incidental items
Secondary purposes of increments
Illocutionary force
Explicit and implicit purposes
What is the discourse about
Discrete labelling
16 More talk about talk
Non-discrete labelling
Pre~empting the purpose
Tone choice
Suspensions at the beginning of the chain
Theme
Temporal precedence
17 Asking exchanges
Who knows what
Initiating increments
Finding out or making sure
Question types
Responses
Extended responses
18 What can go wrong
Chains that do not occur
Categories of constraint
Absolute constraints
Probable constraints associated with particular words
Category 3 constraints
On-line amendments
19 A version of the story analysed
A linear analysis
Comments
20 Uses of a linear account of grammar
Principles
The sentence
A user''s model
Psychological reality
Purposeful language and psycholinguistics
Language acquisition
Language learning and teaching
Seeing the wood for the trees
Learning to use a language or learning about it
Appendix
Glossary
Bibliography
Index