PART ONE
THE SENTENCE
I. TYPES OF SENTENCES
A. The Periodic Sentence
B. The Short and Long Sentences
1. Using short sentences
2. Using long sentences
3. Alternating short and long sentences
C. Simple, Compound, Complex and Compound—Complex Sentences
1. The Simple sentence
2. The compound sentence
3. The complex sentence
4. The compound—complex sentence
II. COMMON ERRORS
A. Run—on Sentences
B. Fragmentary Sentences
1. dependent—word fragments
2. –ing and to fragments
3. added—detail fragments
4. missing—subject fragments
C. Faulty Parallelism
1. Correcting faulty coordination
2. Making a series of parallels
3. Watching incorrect omissions
4. Comparisons using than or as
D. Misplaced Modifiers
E. dangling Modifiers
III. SENTENCE VARIETY AND BREVITY
A. Modifying Phrases
B. Relative Pronouns
C. Joining Sentences And Doing Away With Unnecessary Words
D. Combining Short Sentences
E. Sentence Variety Through Participle Phrases
F. –ly Openers
G. to Openers
PART TWO
THE PARAGRAPH
I. PREWRITING
A. Free—writing
B. Questioning
C. Listing and Grouping
II. SIMPLE OUTLINING
III. THE TOPIC SENTENCE
Supporting Sentences
IV. UNITY
V. COHERENCE
A. The Use of Pronouns
B. The Repetition of Key Nouns And Key Word Groups
C. Avoiding Pronoun Shifts
D. Using Transitional Signals
VI. ENDING A PARAGRAPH
A. Restating the Main Idea
B. Summarizing the Main Points
C. Showing a Result
D. Putting the Most Important Point Last
E. Drawing an Inference
VII. WAYS OF DEVELOPING A PARAGRAPH
A. Time and Process
B. Space
C. Exemplification
PART THREE
PRECIS AND PRACTICAL WRITING
I. PRECIS WRITING
II. PRACTICAL WRITING
A. Notes
1. Note of thanks
2. Messages
3. Invitations
4. Appointments
5. Apologies
B. Letters
1. The format of the letter
2. Application for a job
3. Application for a college
4. Letters of invitation
5. Letters of thanks
6. Letters of complaints
7. Letters of congratulations
C. Resume
APPENDIX I
USEFUL INFORMATION FOR WRITING
A. Capitalization
B. Punctuation
C. Word Division
APPENDIX II
DICTIONARIES RECOMMENDED FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH WRITING
后记
英语写作基础自学考试大纲
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