文学翻译十讲

　　片断：Inmyopinion，bothschoolshavetheirstrongpointsandweakpointssofarasliterarytranslationisconcerned.Nowthereisaten-dencytocombinetheirtheoriesintoacomprehensiveone.Asamatteroffact，literarytranslationhasadoublenature.That'stosay，ontheonehand，itisasciencewithitsownlawsandmethodsandontheother，itisanart.Nowlet'shaveafurtherdiscussionofitsdoublenatureinthefollowing：TranslationIsaScienceWesaythattranslationisascience，becauseithasitsownlawsandmethods.TakethetranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseforexample.Ifwewanttotranslatewell，wemustbeentirelyfamiliarwiththecontentoftheoriginalandalltheknowledgeitconcerns.Inaddition，weshouldhaveacomparativelycomprehensiveandthoroughstudyofEnglishandChinesesothatwemaydoourworkwithhighproficiency.ChineseandEnglishhavetheirrespectivecharacteristics.True，theyhavesimilarities，forexample，thewordorderofthesubjectanditspredicate，ofthetransitiveverbanditsobjectandoftheprepositionandtheobjectitgoverns;andatthesametime，theyhaveremarkabledifferences;forinstance，theformerhasnoarticlesbutthelatterhasthedefinite"the"andtheindefinite"a"and"an".Althoughthetwolanguageshavetheirrespectivecharacteristicswhicharenotquitealike，stillwecandothetranslationbetweenthem.Itisbecauselan-guageisthedirectrealityofthoughtandthebasiclawofreality：thought：languagewhichreflectstheobjectiveexistenceisincom-montobothEnglishandChinese，thusmakingitpossibletoexpressthesameideasandfeelingsindifferenttanguages.Andquantitiesoftranslatedworkshavelongprovedthepossibilityoftranslation.Andatthesametime，wemustadmitthatthelanguagesinwhichvariouspeoplesthinkandexpresstheirthoughtsarequitedifferentincharacteristicsandusage.Thisistheproblemthattroublesthetransla-tors，includingtheveteranones.Nosmattererscansolvesuchadiffi-cultproblem.Ifonewantstobeaqualifiedtranslator，oneshould，irstofall，haveapenetratingstudyandcarefulcomparisonofthesimilari-tiesanddifferencesbetweenthesetwolanguagessothatonemayfindthecorrespondinglawsandmethodsinthetranslationbetweenthem，dotranslationeffectivelyandensurethequalityoftranslation.Correspondinglawsdocxistintranslation.Takethefollowingsentenceasanexample：Thehorseisausefulanimal.后记：读《文学翻译十讲》竟，赋六绝句洪荒造塔语言殊，从此人间要象胥。达志通情非末技，壮夫何用笑区区。越裳献雉三重译，越女抒怀易楚词；姬旦、鄂君俱未泯，舌人名姓有谁知！白马驮经事本虚，世高首译费工夫。千年佛典如烟海，不复旁行贝叶书。理论原从实践来，道安究隐亦奇才。寸心得失明如镜，《辨正》偏求八备材。译事三难忆又陵，行文尔雅实难凭。先生独出惊人论，改“切”功存一字称。入深出浅善经营，字吐玑珠照眼明。《十讲》杀青知有日，行看纸贵洛阳城。马祖毅1990年于求得一斋

　　《文学翻译十讲》作者简介刘重德1914年生于河南，1934－1938年在北京大学、西南联大外语系读书。历任中央大学讲师，河南大学、国立师范学院、湖南大学副教授，现任湖南大学教授。兼任中国翻译工作者协会副会长、湖南省翻译工作者协会会长、省社会科学联合会名誉委员、省文史馆研究员、中国英汉语比较研究会筹委主任及民革中央团结委员等职。专著有《英语AS用法研究》（1979）、《翻译漫谈》（1984）、《文学翻译十讲》（1991）；文集有《浑金璞玉集》（1994）；译著有《爱玛》（1949，1982，1993）、《黑奴吁天录》（1981）、《瘾君子自白》（1988）等五部；校注有《汉英四书》（1992，合校）；译诗有《汉英对照千家诗》（1992，主要译者之一）；主编《三湘译论》（1994）、《英汉翻译例句词典》（1995）。