管理创新

     Contents
   1. Creativity in management
    Nature of creative thinking
    The importance of creativity in management
    Creative problem solving
    The background of creative problem solving
    Overview of the creative problem-solving process
    An IDEAL model for problem solving
    How creative thinking may be used in management
    Problem identification and definition
    Idea generation methods
    Evaluating ideas
    Implementing ideas
    Computer assisted creativity aids
    References
   2. Coping with blocks to creative problem solving
    Information processing and problem solving
    Mind-set
    Other barriers to creative problem solving
    Blocks in an organizational setting
    A climate for creativity and innovation
    References
   3. Theories of creativity
    What is creative thinking?
    What are ideas?
    Theories of creativity
    The cognitive theory of creativity
    The brain as a human information processing system
    How knowledge is stored in memory
    SCRIPTS, DELTACTS and MOPS
    How we get ideas: the index metaphor'
    References
   4. Identifying the problem
    Problem definition and redefinition
    Methods of problem definition or redefinition
    Redefinitional techniques
    Analytical techniques
    References
   5. Morphological analysis and related techniques
    Listing
    Ch'ecklists
    Cliches, proverbs and maxims
    Attribute listing
    Morphological analysis
    SCIMITAR
    Heuristic ideation technique
    Component detailing
    The Allen morphologizer
    Sequence-attribute modification matrix
    References
   6. Brainstorming and its variants
    Classical brainstorming
    Main types of problem that can be tackled
    Composition of a brainstorming group
    Conducting a brainstorming session
    The process of brainstorming
    Brainwriting game
    Gordon-Little variation
    Story boards
    Trigger method
    References
   7. Lateral thinking
    Vertical versus lateral thinking
    Dimensions of lateral thinking
    Analogies
    References
   8. Synectics and related approaches
    Metaphors
    Synectics
    Nature of the psychological states
    Membership of a synectics group
    Features of synectics
    Operational mechanisms
    Synectics process
    When to use synectics, and its limitations
    References
   9. Miscellaneous idea-generating methods
    Visual metaphor
    Mind-mapping
    Value analysis
    Force field analysis
    Symbolic representations
    Attribute analogy chains
    Bionics
    Free assodation
    Story writing
    Crawford slip writing
    Lotus blossom
    Fishbone diagram
    Scenario writing
    Scenario day-dreaming
    Cross-impact analysis
    References
   10. Evaluating ideas
    Collating and sorting ideas
    Evaluating ideas
    Culling, rating and scoring screens
    The Castle technique
    Creative evaluation
    Decision balance sheet
    Disjointed incrementalism
    Goalstorming
    Highlighting
    Reverse brainstorming
    Sticking dots
    Weighting systems
    Multifactor matrix
    Choosing an evaluation method
    References
   11. Implementing ideas
    Blocks to getting ideas adopted
    Putting ideas into practice
    Reducing resistance to change
    Coping with criticism
    Consensus mapping
    Potential problem analysis
    Research planning diagrams
    PERT techniques
    Post implementation
    References
   12. Computer assisted creativity
    Role of computers in creativity
    Computer assisted idea generation for individuals
    Restructuring thoughts
    Group creative problem-solving aids
    Evaluation of the alternatives
    Implementation of ideas
    Conclusion
    References
    Further reading
   Index