Chapter 1 Topology and Router configurations
Understanding the Role of Routers in Networks
The Router Interface
Network Layer Addresses
Datagrams
MAC Addresses
IP Address formats
Network Reference Models
Understanding topology and Router Configurations
RouterA's Configuration
RouterB's Configuration
RouterC's Configuration
Understanding What a Router Does
Sample Network
How a Router Knows What to Do
Choosing Your Routing Protocol
Understanding How forwarding Decisions
Are Made
Performing Longest Match Lookups
Forwarding Decisions for Multipoint Interfaces
End Systems Sending Packets to Other Subnets
Summary
Chapter 2 Routing Metrics and Distances
Primary Activties of Convergence
Viewing the Invalid Timers in a Routing Table
Viewing an Expired Invalid Timer in a Routing Table
Router Still Uses a Path
Understanding convergence
Parallel Paths
The Effect of Parallel Paths on Convergence
Looking at Parallel Pates in a Routing Table
Convergence in Action
The Routing Table After convergence
Step-by-Step Review of Convergence
Debug Messages and Reality
When Holddown Is Initiated
Understanding Parallel Paths and Their Effect on Packet Forwarding
Process Switching Versus Fast Switching
Configuring Process Switching
Configuring Fast Switching
Understanding the Role of Split Horizon
Routing Advertisements with Split Horizon Enabled
Routing Advertisements with Split Horizon Disabled
Routing Loops Caused by Disabling Split horizon
Loss of Connected Route Versus a dynamic Route
Split Horizon's Effect on Multipoint WAN Interfaces
Using Subinterfaces to Avoid Problems Caused by Split Horizon
Poison Reverse and Triggered Updates
IGRP Routing Metrics and Cisco Administrative distances
IGRP Metrics
Administrative Distances
Running Multiple Routing Protocols Concurrently
Altering IGRP's Bandwidth and Delay variables
Problems with Manipulating the Delay Variable
Understanding the Effects of Manipulating the Delay variable
Understanding the Effects of manipulating the Bandwidth Variable
Calculating IGRP Metrics
Summary
Chapter 3 Discontinuous Networks,Summarization,and Subnet 0
Introduction to Terminology
Discontinuous Networks Using RIP and IGRP
Understanding How a Router Derives the Correct Masks
Understanding Summarization (Summarized Routes)
Understanding Subnet
Summarized Routes Versus Subnet
Summarization Caused by Discontinuous Networks in Action
RIP Cannot Reach Discontiguous Subnets
Discontiguous Networks,Subnet 0,and Summarization Using IGRP
Discontiguous Networks Using Two Routers
Discontiguous Networks Using Three Routers
When Connectivity Is Possible
When Connectivity Is Not Possible
Alternating Paths for the First Ping
Using Other Routing Protocols
Using Summarization as a Tool
Summary
Chapter 4 Using IP Unnumbered and VLSM
Understanding IP Unnumbered
IP Unnumbered Causes Host routes and Lost Connectivity
Host Routes
Hosts Routes Using DDR
Configuring IP Unnumbered on Serial Interfaces
RIP and IGRP Behave the Same
RIP with IP Unnumbered Configured Properly
Displaying the Routes
Sending Routing Updates
Pinging the Interfaces
RIP with IP Unnumbered Configured Improperly
Examples of Route Problem
Lost Routes Problem
Using a Difference Subagent Mask and a Different Major Net
Understanding VLSM
VLSM Using RIP and IGRP
VLSM Experiment Using Two Routers
VLSM Experiment Using Three Routers
Correctly Configuring VLSM Blocked Routes
VLSM Summary
Chapter 5 Default Routing
Introduction to Default Routing
Gateway of Last Resort
Gateway of Last Resort for a Non-Local Domain
Gateway of Last Resort Still Works When Links Fail
Using IP Classless
In Review
Using Default and Static Routes in Complicated
networks
Using Static Routes Dealing with Too Much Default Routing Information
Fixing a Default Gateway Loop
The 0.0.0.0 with IGRP
what to Do Instead of Using 0.0.0.0 with IGRP
Using End Systems with Multiple Local Gateways
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol RFC1256
End Systems Using RIP
Cisco's Hot Standby Router Protocol
Using Floating Static Routes
Summary
Chapter 6 IP Troubleshooting Scenarios
Developing a Troubleshooting Routine
Using a Troubleshooting Scenario
Checking the Available Routes
Tracing the Route
Using Extended Pings to Track Connectivity
Other Possible Problems
An ARP Problem
Validating End System Routing Tables
Summary
Chapter 7 Bridging IP Between Dissimilar Media
Transnational Bridging
MSB Versus LSB
Bit Swapping MAC Addresses
ARP Explained
Translating Bridges and ARP Frames
ARP in Action
Vendor-Specific Solutions to ARP
Static ARPs
Displaying the Parameters of the ARP.EXE Command
Displaying the Current ARP Entries
How to Create a Static ARP Entry and Display It
Deleting Static ARP Entries
Summary
Chapter 8 Hexadecimal and Binary Numbering and Ip Addressing
Binary Numbering Versus Decimal Numbering
Hexadecimal Numbering Versus Decimal Numbering
Introduction to the 32-Bit IP Address Classes of Addresses
Default Subnet Masks for Class A,B,C,and D Addresses
Understanding Subnet Masks,Subnetting,and Superheating
Determining What Subnet Is Being Used
The Shorthand Subnet Mask Indicator
introduction to Superheating
Calculating Subnet and Host Combinations
Summary
Appendix A RFCs
How RFCs Work
RFCs Recommended for Further Study
RFC 2235:Hobbes'Internet Timeline
RFC 2200:Internet Official Protocol Standards
RFC 2151:A Primer on Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities
RFC 2101:IPv4 Address Behavior Today
RFC 2031:IETF-ISOC Relationship
RFC 2028:The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process
RFC 2027:IAB and IESG Selection ,Confirmation,and Recall Process :Operation of the Nominat-ing and Recall Committees
RFC 2026:The Internet Standards process:Revision
RFC 2008:Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for Internet Routing
RFC 1935:What Is the Internet,Anyway
RFC 1925:The Twel\ve Networking Truths
RFC 1923:RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status
RFC 1918:Address Allocation for Private Internets
RFC 1917:An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused IP Networks to the IANA
RFC 1878:Variable Length Subnet Table for IPv4
RFC 1812:Requirements for IP Version Routers
RFC 1631:the IP Network Address Translator
RFC 1601:Charter of the Internet ArchitectureBoard
RFC 1580:Guide to Network Resource Tools
RFC 1393:Tracerouted Using an IP Option
RFC 1256:ICMP Router Discovery Messages
RFC 1180:A TCP/IP Tutorial
RFC 1178:Choosing a Name for Your Computer
RFC 1149:A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers
RFC 1058:Routing Information Protocol
RFC 826:An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol
RFC 1700:Assigned Numbers
RFC 1534:BOOTP
RFC 2283,RFC 1966
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