Preface xv
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Introduction 1
Purpose of a Signaling System 1
Transpon Systems and Signaling Systems 2
The Blurring of the Distinction between Transport and Signaling Networks 3
Narrowband Signaling Transpon and Networks 3
The TI System 3
X.25 and Packet Switching Systems 4
SS7 Systems 6
Problems with Narrowband Signaling 6
Broadband Signaling Networks 6
Why Not Just Use SS7? 7
Summary 7
CHAPTER 2 ISDN and B-ISDN Architecture 8
Introduction 8
Interfaces and Functional Groupings 8
Reference Points 10
ISDN Logical Channel Concept 11
Typical ISDN Configuration 12
The ISDN Layers 13
What Is B-ISDN? 14
B-ISDN Functional Entities and Reference Points 26
The B-ISDN Planes and Layers 16
Major Functions of the Layers 18
Classification of Broadband Services21
Summary 23
CHAPTER 3 ATM Architecture 24
Introduction 24
ATM Architecture 24
Why the Interest in ATM? 26
ATM and B-ISDN 26
The ATM Layers 27
Vinual Circuits with the VPCI, VPI, and VCI 29
Vinual Path Connection Identifier (VPCI) 32
The ATM Cell and Cell Header 32
A Closer Look at AAL 34
Formats of the AAL PDUs 36
Summary 38
CHAPTER 4 Signaling System Nunlber 7 (SS7) Architecture 39
Introduction 39
Early Signaling . 39
Common Channel Signaling 40
SS7 Fundamentals 40
Example of an SS7 Topology 41
Functions of the SS7 Nodes 41
The SeNice Switching Point (SSP) 43
The Signaling Transfer Point (STP) 43
The Service Control Point (SCP) " 43
The SS7 Levels (Layers) 44
SS7 Identifiers and Numbering Scheme 47
Global Title Addressing and Translation 49
Summary 49
CHAPTER 5 Addressing, SAPs, Primitives, and PDUs 50
Introduction 50
Explicit Addresses and Labels 50
A Shon Treatise on Routing 51
The ATM Address Scheme 52
The E.1 64 Address Schenle 55
Service Access Points (SAPS) 56
How Primitives (Service Definitione) Are Used 57
Relationships of Service Definitions and Protocol Specifications 58
Connection Mapping 58
Other Key Concepts 60
ATM's Use of the OSI Model 60
The Broadband Signaling Stacks and the User Layers 60
Summary 63
CHAPTER 6 SAAL, SSCOP, and SSCF 64
Introduction 64
Position of SAAL in the Broadband Signaling Layers 64
The Protocol Stack in More Detail 65
Functions of SAAL 67
Functions of SSCF 67
Functions of SSGOP 69
Functions of SSCS Layer Management (LM) 70
The SAAL Primitives and Signals Operations 71
Depictions of the Layers and Their Associated Primitives and Signals 72
Primitives and Signals between SSOF and MTP 3 72
Signals between SSCOP-SSCF and SSCOP-Layer Management 76
Signals between Layer Management and SSCF 77
Signals between SSCOP and CPCS 78
The Error Codes 79
The SSCOP Operations in More Detail 79
SSCOP PDUs 80
Examples of SSCOP "Housekeepingl' Operations 83
Examples of SSCOP Transferring Signaling Tranic 84
Relationships of the SAAL Entities and MTP 3 89
Parameters in the Primitives and PDUs 90
Summary 91
CHAPTER 7 UNI Signaling 92
Introduction 92
Broadband Signaling Stacks 92
UNI Messages and Information Elements 93
Message Format 94
The Messages 95
The Information Eienlents (IEs) 95
Overview of UNI Operations 95
The Q.2931 Timers 98
The UNI Operations in More Detail 100
The Connection Establishment Operation 100
The Connection Release Operation 101
The Restan Operation 102
The Status Inquiry Operation 103
The Add PaW Operation 103
The Drop Pany Operation 106
The Q.931 Message Information Elements in More Detail 106
AAL Information Eiement 107
Broadband Low Layer Information Element 109
ATM Forum UNI Version 4.0 Variations 112
Summary 112
CHAPTER 8 B-ISUP Signaling 113
Introduction 113
Purpose of B-ISUP 114
What B-ISUP Does Not Do 114
Bandwidth Analysis and Path Discovery 115
Position of B-ISUP in the Broadband Signaling Layers 116
The SS7 MTP Suppon to B-ISUP 116
Overview of the B-ISUP Operations 117
Trunk Groups and VPCls 118
Setting up the Vinual Circuits 119
B-ISUP NNI Messages and Parameters 119
The Messages 120
Parameters in the Messages 123
Examples of B-ISUP Operations 123
The B-ISUP Architecture in More Detail 127
Summary 130
Appendix 8A: Parameters Used in B-ISUP Messages 130
Appehdix 8B: B-ISUP InteHaces, Primitives, and Primitive Parameten 138
CHAPTER 9 Operations Between UNI and NNI 144
Introduction 144
Typical Call Setup and Release Operations 144
Mapping between the UNI and NNI Messages and Information Elements 147
Summary 147
CHAPTER 1O Other Broadband Signaling Operations and Performance Requirements 148
Introduction 148
Configuration Options 148
Point-to-Multipoint Calls 152
Signaling Identifiers (SIDs) 152
Add Pany Operations 154
Performance Requirements for the Signaling Virtuai Channel Connection (VCC) 155
Summary 158
CHAPTER 11 Private Network-Network Intenace (PNNI) 159
Introduction 159
Why Another NNI Protocol? 159
Overview of PNNI Protocol 160
Unique Aspects of PNNI Signaling vis-a-vis Q.2931 161
PNNI Signaling Specification Model 162
Terms and Concepts 163
PNNI Metrics 165
Metric Aggregation 167
Horizontal and Outside Links 171
PNNI Hierarchy Example 172
PNNI Signaling Messages 175
A Look at the SETUP Message Information Elements 175
PNNI Available Bit Rate (ABR) Descriptors 177
Designated Transit List (DTL) 178
son Permanent Vinual Connection Procedures 178
Crank Back 179
Desianated Transit List 179
Information Elements for the Support of Other Services 179
Summary 179
Abbreviations 180
References 183
Index 187
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