英语语音学

     Contents
   序
   修订版前言
   Introduction
    1. English Phonetics
    2. Study Method
    3. International Phonetic Alphabet
    4.British English and American English
    5.List of Symbols Used
   Part One Rhythm
    Unit 1 Word Stress
    Kinds of Stress
    Stress Placement
    Stress Influence on Meaning of Words
    Unit 2 Sentence Stress
    Sense Stress
    Logical Stress
    Emotional Stress
    Unit 3 Rhythm and Its Features
    Rhythm
    Rhythm Group and Its Division
    Features of English Rhythm
    Unit 4 Rhythm Patterns
    Unit 5 Sense-groups and Pausing
    Sense-groups and Their Divisions
    Pausing
   Part Two Intonation
    Unit 6 A Brief Introduction
    Definition
    Function
    Illustrating Intonation
    Unit 7 Basic Tones and Their Training
    Basic Tones
    Basic Training of Tones
    Unit 8 Tone-groups
    Tone-group
    Tone-group Division
    Structure of the Tone-group (or Tune)
    Prehead
    Head
    Body
    Nucleus
    Tail
    Features of an English Tune
    Unit 9 Function of Tunes and Their Uses
    Falling Tune
    Rising Tune
    Falling-rising Tune
    Unit 10 Combined Tunes
    Fall + Fall
    Fall + Rise
    Rise + Fall
    Rise + Rise
    Fall + Fall-rise
    Fall-rise + Fall
    Fall-rise + Rise
    Unit 11 Reading of Long Sentences
    Tune Broken Upwards (Broken Tune or Acci-
    dental Rise)
    Intonation of Vocatives
    Intonation of Parenthesis
    Intonation of Reporting Phrases
    Part Three Pronunciation
    Unit 12 Organs of Speech
    Unit 13 The Classification of Phonemes
    Phonemes and Allophones
    Classification of English Phonemes
    Unit 14 The English Vowels-Pure Vowels
    Front Vowels /i:/ and /I/
    Front Vowels lel and faef
    Central Vowels /3:/ /el and /A/
    Back Vowel 1/a:/
    Back Vowels /P/ and/o:/
    Back Vowels /u/ and /u:/
    Unit 15 The English Vowels-Diphthongs
    Closing Diphthongs /ei/, /ai/, and /cI/
    Closing Diphthongs /ev/ and/a/
    Centring Diphthongs /ie/ /ee/ and /ve/
    Unit 16 Consonants
    Plosives/p/,/b/;/t/,/d/ ;/k/,/g/
    Fricatives/f/,/v/; /f/, /3/
    Fricatives /s/, /z/; /8/, /6/
    Fricatives /h/; frictionless continuant /r/ and
    the lateral /l/
    Unit 17 Consonants (continued)
    Nasals /m/, /n/, and /g/
    Affricates /tf/ and /d3/
    Semi-vowels /w/ and /j/
    Unit 18 Phonemes in Combination
    The Syllable Theories and Definition
    Syllable Construction
    Open Syllables
    Closed Syllables
    Unit 19 Consonant Clusters and Incomplete Plosion
    Consonant Clusters
    Incomplete plosion
    Unit 20 Sound Changes in Connected Speech
    Liaison
    Strong Forms and Weak Forms
    Elision
    Assimilation
    Length of a sound
    Additional Remarks: Reading as an Exercise in Enuncia
    tion and Delivery
    1. Some Basic Points
    Breathing and Resonance in the Mouth and Nose
    Cavities
    Sense-groups and Pausing
    Pace (or Tempo), Intensity and Pitch
    Tone and Expression
    A Thorough Understanding of the Reading Ma-
    terial
    2. Models for Appreciation and Imitation
    Appendix Rules of Reading
    Appendix British English and American English in Com-
    parison
    Appendix Glossary
    Main References