Acknowledgements
Preface
PARTONE
Lexicalphrasesinlanguagedescription
1Thenatureanddescriptionoflexicalphrases
1.1Introduction
1.2Competence,performance,andpragmatics
1.2.1Pragmaticsascompetenceversuspragmaticsasperformance
1.2.2Thenatureofcompetence
1.2.3Pragmaticcompetence
1.2.4Pragmaticcompetenceandform/functioncomposites
1.2.5Conventionsoflexicalphraseselection
1.2.6Processingeffort
1.3Computeranalysisoftext
1.3.1Collocationsincomputeranalysis
1.3.2Collocationsinnaturallanguageprocessing
1.4Prefabricatedlanguageandlanguageacquisition
1.4.1Invariableroutinesandvariablepatterns
1.4.2Theroleofprefabricatedlanguage
2Formalaspectsoflexicalphrases
2.1Introduction
2.2Prefabricatedlanguageandpsychologicalprocessing
2.2.1Idiomsandcliches
2.2.2Non-canonicalphrases
2.2.3Variabilityaspointsonacontinuum
2.2.4Fromlessvariabletomorevariable
2.3Lexicalphrasesasvariableunits
2.3.1Lexicalphrases,collocations,andsyntax
2.3.2Categoriesoflexicalphrase
2.4Issuesofformandflexibility
2.4.1Indirectspeechactsaslexicalphrasesentencebuilders
2.4.2Non-conventionalindirectspeechacts
2.4.3Conventionalindirectspeechacts
2.4.4Conventionalizedsetsandbasiclexicalphraseframes
2.4.5Distinctionsinvariabilityandlexicalphrasetypes
3Functionalaspectsoflexicalphrases
3.1Introduction
3.2Functionsoflexicalphrases
3.2.1Socialinteractions
3.2.2Necessarytopics
3.2.3Discoursedevices
3.2.4Formsoflexicalphrasesinfunctionalgroups
3.2.5Lexicalphrasesinotherlanguages
3.3Lexicalphrasesinconversationaldiscourse
3.3.1Patternsinconversation
3.3.2Interconnectedfunctions
3.4Lexicalphrasesintransactionaldiscourse
3.4.1Interactionalversustransactionaldiscourse
3.4.2Theroleofdiscoursedevices
3.5Transactionalspokendiscourse
3.5.1Characteristicsofdiscoursedevicesinspokentransactionaldiscourse
3.5.2Spokenversuswrittendiscoursedevices
3.6Transactionalwrittendiscourse
3.6.1Patternsinwriting
3.6.2Characteristicsofdiscoursedevicesinwrittendiscourse
3.6.3Integration
3.6.4Detachment
4Theorganizingfunctionoflexicalphrases
4.1Introduction
4.2Macro-organizers
4.2.1Thesignalingfunctionofmacro-organizersintransactionaldiscourse
4.2.2Doublemarkers
4.3Levelsofdiscourse:co-ordinationandsubordination
macro-organizers
4.3.1Levelsandpatterns:macro-organizersversusinteractionaldiscoursemarkers
4.3.2Categorydivisions
4.3.3Processingstrategies:top-downandbottom-up
4.3.4Textbookmodels
4.4Micro-organizers
4.4.1Macro/microdistinctions
4.4.2Macro/microformsandfunctions
4.4.3Phraselength
4.4.4Dualfunctions
PARTTWO
Applicationsforlanguageteaching
5Teachingspokendiscourse:conversation
5.1Introduction
5.2Advantagesofteachinglexicalphrases
5.3Teachingconversationwithlexicalphrases
5.3.1Howlearnerslearnalanguage
5.3.2Whylearnerslearnalanguage
5.3.3Teachingactivities
5.4Indirectspeechacts
5.4.1Universalfunctionsandlanguage-specificforms
5.4.2Teachingindirectspeechacts
6Teachingspokendiscourse:listeningcomprehension
6.1Introduction
6.2Lexicalphrasesinacademiclectures
6.2.1Macro-organizerfunctionsinacademiclectures
6.2.2Therecognitionproblem
6.3Stylesofacademiclectures
6.3.1Lecturestylesandmacro-organizercharacteristics
6.3.2Styleswitching
6.4Thefunctionofmacro-organizersincomprehending
lectures
6.4.1Rangeoffunctionsinlecturediscourse:acomprehensionproblem
6.4.2Patternsoffrequencyinlecturediscourse
6.5Teachinglexicalphrasesforthecomprehensionoflectures
6.5.1Readingandvocabularyclass
6.5.2Listeningcomprehensionclass
7Teachingwrittendiscourse:readingandwriting
7.1Introduction
7.2Theoreticalstances
7.2.1Writtendiscourseasbothprocessandproduct
7.2.2Writersandreadersasactiveparticipants
7.3Teachingwrittendiscourse
7.3.1Knowledgeofdiscourseforms
7.3.2Sentence-basedperspective
7.3.3Process-centereddiscourseperspective
7.4Thestructureofthreekindsofwrittendiscourse
7.4.1Structureofaformalessay
7.4.2Structureofaninformalletter
7.4.3Structureofabusinessletter
7.5Teachingwrittendiscoursewithlexicalphrases
8Conclusionsandprospects
8.1Introduction
8.2Theneedforfurtherempiricalresearch
8.3Thetheoreticalnatureoflexicalphrases:furtherinquiry
8.3.1Criteriafordefininglanguagepatterns
8.3.2Criteriafordefiningcategoriesoflexicalphrases
8.3.3Discourseanalysis
8.3.4Lexicography
8.4Languageacquisition
8.5Teaching
Appendix
Bibliography
Index
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