教育研究方法

Preface
PARTONEOrientation to Educational Research
l Educational Research: Its Nature and Rules of Operation 3
Preview 3
Targeted Learnings 3
Chapter Information Organizers 4
Chapter 1 Information Organizer 5
New Questions about Elmwood's Schools 5
Seeking Answers to Questions 5
The Scientific Method 7
Research and the Scientific Method 8
The Meaning of Research 8
The Process of Educational Research 9
Research and Educational Research 11
Rules of Operation in Educational Research 11
Legal Principles 12
Ethical Principles 13
Applying Technology: Human Subjects Research Approval 14
Philosophical Principles 17
Procedural Principles 19
Applying Technology: Ethics and Standards of Research 22
Educators as Researchers 23
Chapter Summary 23
List of Important Terms 24
Your Current Status 24
Activities for Thought and Discussion 24
Answers to Chapter Exercises 25
References and Recommended Readings 25
2 Types of Educational Research and Corresponding
Sources of Data 26
Preview 26
Targeted Learnings 27
Variables and Educational Research 27
Continuous, Discrete, and Dichotomous Variables 27
Independent and Dependent Variables 27
Chapter 2 Information Organizer 28
Types of Educational Research 29
Types of Research Categorized by Practicality29
Types of Research Differentiated by Methodology 30
Types of Research Defined by Questions Addressed 31
Primary and Secondary Sources of Research Data 36
Specific Sources of Research Data 37
Procedures Used in Collecting Data 38
Qualities Required in Research Data 40
Authenticity and Believability 40
Validity and Reliability 41
Treatment and Presentation of Data 42
Applying Technology: More About Variables and Questions 43
Additional Terminology Related to Data 45
Participants, Samples, and Populations 45
Chapter Summary 45
List of Important Terms 46
Your Current Status 46
Activities for Thought and Discussion 46
Answers to Chapter Exercises 47
References and Recommended Readings 47
P A R T T W OPreliminary Skills Needed
for Conducting Research 49
3 Selecting, Refining, and Proposing a Topic for Research 51
Preview 51
Targeted Learnings 51
Chapter 3 Information Organizer 52
Where to Find Good Research Topics 53
Topics for Teachers 53
Topics for Administrators 54
Topics for Other Educators 55
Preliminary Considerations in Selecting Topics 55
Applying Technology: Sources for Research Topics 56
Refining the Research Topic 58
Some Necessary Terminology 59
Regulating the Size of Research Topics 64
Foreseeing the Research Report Format 65
The Value of Conventional Procedures and Report 66
Refining the Topic: Two Illustrative Cases 67
Case 1. Jan's Concern About Students' Entry Age to Kindergarten 67
Case 2. Tony's Concern About Sexual Harassment Among
High School Students69
Preparing a Research Proposal 70
Chapter Summary 71
List of Important Terms 72
Your Current Status 72
Activities for Thought and Discussion 72
Answers to Chapter Exercises 73
References and Recommended Readings 73
ALocating Published Research 75
Preview 75
Targeted Learnings 75
Chapter 4 Information Organizer 76
Using the Research Library 76
Secondary Sources in the Library 77
Locating Secondary Sources 80
Primary Sources in the Library 80
Specific Directories of Primary References 81
Locating Primary Sources 83
Applying Technology: Electronic Journals 90
Applying Technology: Searching ERIC On-line 91
A Purposeful Visit to the Library 94
Not Just for Conducting Research——Valuable Sources
for Professional Development 95
Chapter Summary 96
List of Important Terms 96
Your Current Status 96
Activities for Thought and Discussion 97
Answers to Chapter Exercises 97
References and Recommended Readings 97
5Interpreting and Summarizing
Published Research 99
Preview 99
Targeted Learnings 100
Reading Research Reports 100
Skimming the Information 100
Chapter 5 Information Organizer 101
Summarizing the Reports 102
Interpreting the Statistical Information You Encounter 105
Applying Technology." Writing a Review of Literature 106
Status Reports 107
Review of Terminology Used in Status Reports 110
Comparison Reports 110
Review of Terminology Used in Comparison Reports 113
Correlational Reports 113
Review of Terminology Used in Correlational Reports 114
The Concept of Significance 115
Chapter Summary 116
List of Important Terms 117
Your Current Status 117
Activities for Thought and Discussion 117
Answers to Chapter Exercises 118
References and Recommended Readings 118
PARTTHREE Conducting Your Own Research Project 119
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