1Introduction
2SomeBasicFrameworks
2.1ExponentialFunction
2.1.1TheExponentialFunctionandItsProperties
2.1.2DoublingTimes
2.1.3AnIllustration:PopulationoftheUnitedStates
2.1.4ExponentialFunctionwithMigration
2.1.5PowerLawExponentialFunction
2.1.6AnIllustration:PopulationoftheWorld
2.1.7CombinationsofExponentialFunctions
2.1.8SolutionsandPropertiesoftheEquations
2.1.9AnIllustration:OxygenDistributioninaRiver
2.2LogisticDistribution
2.2.1TheDifferentialEquationandItsSolution
2.2.2PropertiesoftheLogisticDistribution
2.2.3AnIllustration:TechnologySubstitution
2.2.4AnIllustration:DiffusionofImprovedPastureTechnologyinUruguay
2.2.5AnIllustration:GrowthofPrimeMoverHorsepowerintheU.S.
2.3ConfinedExponentialDistribution
2.3.1ScopeofApplicationsoftheDistribution
2.3.2TheDifferentialEquationwithConstantCoefficients
2.3.3TheDifferentialEquationwithVariableCoefficients
2.3.4VariableTransferCoefficient
2.3.5VariableEquilibriumValue
2.3.6AnIllustration:OxygenTransferAcrossaWaterSurface
2.3.7AnIllustration:BiochemicalOxygenDemand
2.3.8AnIllustration:GrowthofHumans
2.3.9AnIllustration:PublicInterestinaNewsEvent
2.4CombinationoftheLogisticDistributionandtheConfinedExponentialDistribution
2.4.1ComparisonoftheTwoDistributions
2.4.2PhenomenainIndustrialTechnologyTransfer
2.4.3PhenomenainSocialInnovationDiffusion
2.4.4PhenomenainChemicalReactionKinetics
2.4.5PhenomenainthePsychologyofLearning
2.4.6TheDifferentialEquation,ItsSolutionandProperties
2.4.7AnIllustration:AdoptionofaTornadoWarningDevice
2.4.8CombinationoftheExponentialFunctionandtheConfinedExponentialDistribution
2.4.9AnIllustration:PopulationofCalifornia
2.5NormalProbabilityDistribution
2.5.1TheNormalProbabilityFunctionandItsFeatures
2.5.2RelationshipBetweentheNormalProbabilityFunctionandtheErrorFunction
2.5.3ApproximateExpressionsfortheNormalFunctionandItsInverse
2.5.4ComparisonoftheLogisticandNormalProbabilityDistributions
2.5.5AnIllustration:AdoptionofHerbicidesbyMexicanBarleyFarmers
2.6PowerLawLogisticDistribution
2.6.1TheDifferentialEquationandItsFeatures
2.6.2TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
2.6.3TheRichardsFunction
2.6.4AnIllustration:SaleofDevelopmentProperty
2.6.5AnIllustration:GrowthofPineTreesinNewZealand
2.6.6AnIllustration:AdoptionofHybridCornintheUnitedStates
2.7LogisticGrowthwithMigration
2.7.1ImmigrationandEmigration
2.7.2LogisticGrowthwithConstantStocking
2.7.3LogisticGrowthwithConstantHarvesting
2.7.4LogisticGrowthwithVariableHarvesting
2.7.5AnIllustration:FishHarvesting
2.7.6AnIllustration:TheSandhillCrane
2.8EpidemicsandTechnologyTransfer
2.8.1SimpleandGeneralEpidemics
2.8.2TheDifferentialEquationsandPhasePlaneDisplay
2.8.3SolutionstotheDifferentialEquations
2.8.4LogarithmicFormoftheSolutions
2.8.5ATechnologyTransferAnalogy
2.8.6AnIllustration:BombayPlagueof1905-1906
2.9SomeModificationsoftheLogisticDistribution
2.9.1UseofTaylorSeries
2.9.2FirstOrderDifferentialEquations
2.9.3AnIllustration:GrowthofWaterFleasandTrees
2.9.4AnIllustration:SaleofDevelopmentPropertyRevisited
2.9.5SecondOrderDifferentialEquations
2.9.6AnIllustration:Multiplier-AcceleratorModelofaNationalEconomy
3SomeAdditionalFrameworks
3.1GompertzDistribution
3.1.1TheGompertzDistributionandItsFeatures
3.1.2AnIllustration:GrowthofPlantLeaves
3.1.3AnIllustration:DynamicsofTumorGrowth
3.2WeibullDistribution
3.2.1TheWeibullDistributionandItsFeatures
3.2.2AnIllustration:SubstitutionofDieselandElectricLocomotivesforSteamLocomotives
intheUnitedStates
3.3AGeneralizedDistribution
3.3.1CumulativeandDensityDistributionFunctions
3.3.2AGeneralizedSymmetricalFunction
3.3.3ExtremeMaximumValueDistribution
3.3.4ExtremeMinimumValueDistribution
3.3.5AnIllustration:DoseResponseAnalysisofBeetleMortalityData
3.4HyperlogisticDistribution
3.4.1TheDifferentialEquationandSomeExamples
3.4.2SolutiontotheDifferentialEquation
3.4.3SomePropertiesoftheHyperlogisticEquation
3.4.4NumericalExamplesoftheHyperlogisticEquation
3.4.5AnIllustration:AdoptionofaTornadoWarningDeviceRevisited
3.4.6CoalitionandModifiedCoalitionGrowthModels
3.4.7AnIllustration:PopulationoftheWorld
3.4.8AnIllustration:GrowthofthePublicDebtoftheUnitedStates
3.5VariousOtherDistributions
3.5.1ComparisonofDistributionFunctions
3.5.2Arctangent-ExponentialDistribution
3.5.3PearsonTypeVIIDistribution
3.5.4ArctangentDistribution
3.5.5GammaDistribution
3.5.6GeneralizedGammaDistribution
3.5.7AnIllustration:GenerationTimesofCells
3.5.8AnIllustration:PopulationofGreatBritain
4PhenomenawithVariableGrowthCoefficients
4.1LinearlyVariableGrowthCoefficient
4.1.1TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
4.1.2AnIllustration:GrowthandDeclineofU.S.SailingVessels
4.2HyperbolicallyVariableGrowthCoefficient
4.2.1TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
4.2.2RelationshiptoPowerLawExponentialGrowth
4.2.3AnIllustration:PopulationoftheGreatPlainsStates
4.3ExponentiallyVariableGrowthCoefficient
4.3.1ExtremeMaximumValueDistribution
4.3.2ExtremeMinimumValueDistribution
4.3.3AnIllustration:SurvivalofRats
4.4SinusoidallyVariableGrowthCoefficient
4.4.1SomeExamplesofOscillatoryPhenomena
4.4.2SimpleHarmonicGrowthCoefficient
4.4.3ExponentiallyDecreasingGrowthCoefficient:TypeI
4.4.4AnIllustration:GrowthofaSpeciesofLandSnails
4.4.5ExponentiallyDecreasingGrowthCoefficient:TypeII
4.4.6AnIllustration:GrowthofCellPopulations
4.4.7SinusoidallyVariableGrowthCoefficientinaPowerLawExponentialEquation
4.4.8AnIllustration:NumberofPatentsIssuedforInventions
5PhenomenawithVariableCarryingCapacities
5.1ExponentiallyVariableCarryingCapacity
5.1.1TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
5.1.2AnIllustration:FarmPopulationoftheUnitedStates
5.2LogisticallyVariableCarryingCapacity
5.2.1SomePreviousStudies
5.2.2TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
5.2.3RelativeValuesofGrowthParameters
5.2.4AnIllustration:EnrollmentsinUniversitiesintheUnitedStates
5.3LinearlyVariableCarryingCapacity
5.3.1TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
5.3.2AnIllustration:HorsesandMulesonU.S.Farms
5.3.3AnIllustration:SteamLocomotivesonU.S.Railroads
5.4HyperbolicallyVariableCarryingCapacity
5.4.1LinearlyChangingCrowdingCoefficient
5.4.2TheGrowthCurvesandItsProperties
5.4.3AnIllustration:GrowthRatesofWheatPlantComponents
5.5SinusoidallyVariableCarryingCapacity
5.5.1CyclicVariationsinGrowthandTransferPhenomena
5.5.2TheGrowthCurveandItsProperties
5.5.3PhasePlaneDisplay
5.5.4ExponentiallyChangingCarryingCapacity
5.5.5AnIllustration:RailwayMileageintheUnitedStates
5.6PowerLawLogisticwithaPowerLawLogisticallyVariableCarryingCapacity
5.6.1ThePowerLawLogistic
5.6.2TheDifferentialEquationandItsSolution
5.6.3AnIllustration:PopulationoftheUnitedStates
6PhenomenawithTimeDelays
6.0.1Introduction
6.0.2TypesandFeaturesofDelayEquations
6.1DiscreteTimeDelayintheExponentialEquation
6.1.1TheDelayDifferentialEquationandItsSolution
6.1.2RootsoftheCharacteristicEquation
6.1.3BehavioroftheSolutions
6.1.4AnIllustration:Tinbergen'sShipbuildingCycle
6.2DiscreteTimeDelayintheLogisticEquation
6.2.1IntroductiontotheDelayDifferentialEquation
6.2.2SolutiontotheDiscreteDelayLogisticFunction
6.2.3NumericalExample
6.2.4AnIllustration:Nicholson'sBlowflies
6.3DistributedTimeDelay:DelayIntegralintheCrowdingTerm
6.3.1TheIntegro-differentialEquation
6.3.2SolutiontotheIntegro-differentialEquation
6.3.3AnIllustration:GrowthandDeclineofthePopulationsofNortheastandEastNorthCentralAmericanCities
6.4DistributedTimeDelay:DelayIntegralinaPollutionTerm
6.4.1TheIntegro-differentialEquationandItsSolution
6.4.2AnApproximateSech-squaredSolution
6.4.3NumericalExamples
6.4.4AnIllustration:GrowthandSelf-ContaminationofBacteria
7PhenomenawithSpatialDiffusion
77.0.1Introduction
7.0.2TheDiffusionEquation
7.1DiffusionfromInstantaneousSources
7.1.1PlaneSource,LineSourceandPointSource
7.1.2RectilinearDiffusionwithConvection
7.1.3AnIllustration:DispersioninPipelines
7.1.4RadialDiffusionwithExponentialGrowth
7.1.5AnIllustration:BiologicalDispersion
7.2DiffusionfromContinuousSource
7.2.1RectilinearDiffusionwithConstantBoundaryCondition
7.2.2AnIllustration:BacterialMotility
7.2.3RectilinearDiffusionwithVariableBoundaryCondition
7.2.4AnIllustration:TemperatureDistributionintheSoil
7.2.5RadialDiffusion
7.2.6AnIllustration:UnsteadyFluidFlowinanAquifer
7.2.7RectilinearDiffusionwithConvection
7.3DiffusionwithReactioninaFiniteRegion
7.3.1DimensionalAnalysis
7.3.2ExponentialGrowthinaFiniteRegion
7.3.3PowerLawExponentialGrowthinaFiniteRegion
7.3.4LogisticGrowthinaFiniteRegion
7.3.5AnIllustration:ZoneofRegulatedFishing
7.4DiffusionwithConvectionandReaction
7.4.1TheDifferentialEquationandItsSolution
7.4.2ExponentialGrowthwithConvectionandDiffusion
7.4.3ExponentialDecaywithConvectionandDiffusion
7.4.4ConvectionandDiffusionwithInterphaseTransfer
7.4.5AnIllustration:ChemicalSoluteRemovalbyAdsorption
7.5DiffusionwithConfinedExponentialGrowth
7.5.1RectilinearDiffusion
7.5.2AnIllustration:HeatTransferfromaRiver
7.5.3RadialDiffusion
7.5.4AnIllustration:PopulationinCities
7.5.5Temporal-SpatialDiffusion
7.5.6AnIllustration:PopulationofLondon
7.6DiffusionwithLogisticGrowth
7.6.1TravelingWaveSolutions
7.6.2APowerLawTravelingWaveSolution
7.6.3AnIllustration:DiffusionofTractorUtilization
7.6.4AnIllustration:AdoptionofHybridCornRevisited
8Conclusion
References
AuthorIndex
SubjectIndex