Contributing Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
SECTIONI.BASIC SCIENCE
1 Epidemiology and the Econmics of Low Back Pain
2 Patophysiology of Enrve Root Pait in Disc Herniation and Spinal Stenosis
3 Biomechanical considerations of Disc Dengeneration
4 Morphlogic Changes of End Plates in Degenerative Disc Disease
5 Clinical Spinal Instability Resulting from Injury and Degeneration
6 Spinal Instrumentation
7 Fracture and Repair of Lumbar Vertebrae
8 Genetic Transmission of Common Spinal Disorders
9 Genetic Applications to Lumbar Dise Disease
10 Clinical Neurophysiologic and Electrodiagnostic Testiong in Disorders of the Lumbar Spine
11 sensorimotor Control of the Lumbar Spine
Outcomes Assessment
12 Oucome Assessment:Overview and Specific Tools
13 The Role of Outcomes and How to Integrate Thme into Your Practice
SECTION II.ALTERNATIVES TO TRADITIONAL NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT
14 mANUAL Therapy in patients with Low Back Pain
15 Acupuncture and Reflexology
SECTTON III.THE INJURED WORKER
16 Returning Workers to Gainful Employment
17 Occpational Ergonomics
SECTION IV.SURGERY
18 preparation for Surgery
Surgical Appoaches
19 Surgical Approaches to the Thoracolumbar Spine
20 SUgical Approaches to the Thoracolumbar Spine:Anterior and Pposterior
……
SECTION V.SPECIFIG GLNICAL.ENTTIES
Subject Index
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