Preface vii
Chapter 1 Representing Data in a Computer 1
1.1 Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers 2
1.2 Character Codes 6
1.3 2's Complement Representation for Signed Integers 9
1.4 Addition and Subtraction of 2's Complement Numbers 15
1.5 Other Systems for Representing Numbers 21
Chapter Summary 25
Chapter 2 Parts of a Computer System 27
2.1 PC Hardware: Memory 28
2.2 PC Hardware: The CPU 30
2.3 PC Hardware: Input/Output Devices 36
2.4 PC Software 37
PC Software: The Operating System 37
PC Software: Text Editors 38
PC Software: Language Translators and the Linker 38
Chapter Summary 39
Chapter 3 Elements of Assembly Language 41
3.1 Assembly Language Statements 42
3.2 A Complete Example 45
3.3 How to Assemble, Link, and Run a Program 53
3.4 The Assembler Listing File 60
3.5 Constant Operands 68
3.6 Instruction Operands 73
3.7 Input/Output Using Macros Defined in IO.H 77
Chapter Summary 82
Chapter 4 Basic Instructions 85
4.1 Copying Data 86
4.2 Integer Addition and Subtraction Instructions 95
4.3 Multiplication Instructions 108
4.4 Division Instructions 118
4.5 Addition and Subtraction of Larger Numbers 130
4.6 Something Extra: Levels of Abstraction and Microcode 133
Chapter Summary 134
Chapter 5 Branching and Looping 137
5.1 Unconditional Jumps 138
5.2 Conditional Jumps, Compare Instructions,
and if Structures 144
5.3 Implementing Loop Structures 159
5.4 for Loops in Assembly Language 173
5.5 Arrays 180
5.6 Something Extra: Pipelining 189
Chapter Summary 190
Chapter 6 Procedures 193
6.1 The 80x86 Stack 194
6.2 Procedure Body, Call and Return 201
6.3 Parameters and Local Variables 211
6.4 Recursion 223
6.5 Other Architectures: Procedures Without a Stack 228
Chapter Summary 230
Chapter 7 String Operations 231
7.1 Using String Instructions 232
7.2 Repeat Prefixes and More String Instructions 239
7.3 Character Translation 254
7.4 Converting a 2's Complement Integer to an
ASCII String 259
7.5 Other Architectures: CISC versus RISC Designs 264
Chapter Summary 265
Chapter 8 Bit Manipulation 267
8.1 Logical Operations 268
8.2 Shift and Rotate Instructions 278
8.3 Converting an ASCII String to a 2's
Complement Integer 292
8.4 The Hardware Level--Logic Gates 298
Chapter Summary 299
Chapter 9 The Assembly Process 301
9.1 Two-Pass and One-Pass Assembly 302
9.2 80x86 Instruction Coding 307
9.3 Macro Definition and Expansion 319
9.4 Conditional Assembly 326
9.5 Macros in IO.H 333
Chapter Summary 337
Chapter 10 Floating-Point Arithmetic 339
10.1 80x86 Floating-Point Architecture 340
10.2 Programming with Floating-Point Instructions 359
10.3 Floating-Point Emulation 374
10.4 Floating-Point and In-line Assembly 384
Chapter Summary 386
Chapter 11 Decimal Arithmetic 387
11.1 Packed BCD Representations 388
11.2 Packed BCD Instructions 396
11.3 Unpacked BCD Representations and Instructions 404
11.4 Other Architectures: VAX Packed Decimal
Instructions 416
Chapter Summary 417
Chapter 12 Input/Output 419
12.1 Console I/O Using the Keme132 Library 420
12.2 Sequential Ffie I/O Using the Kernel32 Library 428
12.3 Lower-Level Input/Output 437
Chapter Summary 439
Appendix A Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversion 441
Appendix B Useful MS-DOS Commands 443
Appendix C MASM 6.11 Reserved Words 445
Appendix D 80x86 Instructions (by Mnemonic) 449
Appendix E 80x86 Instructions (by Opcode) 469
Index 489
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