电力系统分析：英文版

前言iii
1BACKGROUND1
1.0Introduction1
1.1ElectricEnergy1
1.2Fossil-FuelPlant5
1.3NuclearPowerPlant10
1.4HydroelectricPowerPlant11
1.5OtherEnergySources12
1.6TransmissionandDistributionSystems13
1.7TheDeregulatedElectricPowerIndustry18
2BASICPRINCIPLES22
2.0Introduction22
2.1PhasorRepresentation22
2.2ComplexPowerSuppliedtoaOne-Port23
2.3ConservationofComplexPower30
2.4BalancedThree-Phase35
2.5PerPhaseAnalysis43
2.6BalancedThree-PhasePower46
2.7Summary47
3TRANSMISSION-LINEPARAMETERS53
3.0Introduction53
3.1ReviewofMagnetics54
3.2FluxLinkagesofInfiniteStraightWire57
3.3FluxLinkages;Many-ConductorCase60
3.4ConductorBundling64
3.5Transposition67
3.6ImpedanceofThreePhaseLinesIncludingGroundReturn71
3.7ReviewofElectricFields75
3.8LineCapacitance76
3.9DeterminationofLineParametersUsingTables81
3.10TypicalParameterValues84
3.11Summary85
4TRANSMISSION-LINEMODELING90
4.0Introduction90
4.1DerivationofTerminalV,IRelations90
4.2WavesonTransmissionLines97
4.3TransmissionMatrix98
4.4Lumped-CircuitEquivalent99
4.5SimplifiedModels101
4.6ComplexPowerTransmission(ShortLine)103
4.7ComplexPowerTransmission(RadialLine)110
4.8ComplexPowerTransmission(LongorMediumLines)112
4.9Power-HandlingCapabilityofLines113
4.10Summary116
5TRANSFORMERMODELINGANDTHEPERUNITSYSTEM127
5.0Introduction127
5.1Single-PhaseTransformerModel127
5.2Three-PhaseTransformerConnections136
5.3PerPhaseAnalysis142
5.4NormalSystems150
5.5PerUnitNormalization157
5.6PerUnitThree-PhaseQuantities160
5.7ChangeofBase163
5.8PerUnitAnalysisofNormalSystem164
5.9RegulatingTransformersforVoltageandPhaseAngleControl170
5.10Autotransformers175
5.11TransmissionLineandTransformers177
5.12Summary179
6GENERATORMODELINGI(MACHINEVIEWPOINT)187
6.0Introduction187
6.1ClassicalMachineDescription187
6.2VoltageGeneration189
6.3Open-CircuitVoltage190
6.4ArmatureReaction193
6.5TerminalVoltage196
6.6PowerDeliveredbyGenerator205
6.7SynchronizingGeneratortoanInfiniteBus208
6.8SynchronousCondensor211
6.9RoleofSynchronousMachineExcitationinControllingReactivePower211
6.10Summary212
7GENERATORMODELINGII(CIRCUITVIEWPOINT)215
7.0Introduction215
7.1EnergyConversion215
7.2ApplicationtoSynchronousMachine221
7.3TheParkTransformation226
7.4Park'sVoltageEquation229
7.5Park'sMechanicalEquation231
7.6CircuitModel232
7.7InstantaneousPowerOutput235
7.8Applications235
7.9SynchronousOperation250
7.10Steady-StateModel255
7.11SimplifiedDynamicModel256
7.12GeneratorConnectedtoInfiniteBus(LinearModel)265
7.13Summary269
8VOLTAGECONTROLSYSTEM273
8.0Introduction273
8.1ExciterSystemBlockDiagram274
8.2GeneratorModels277
8.3StabilityofExcitationSystem280
8.4VoltageRegulation281
8.5GeneratorConnectedtoInfiniteBus284
8.6Summary292
9NETWORKMATRICES294
9.0Introduction294
9.1BusAdmittanceMatrix294
9.2NetworkSolution303
9.3NetworkReduction(KronReduction)309
9.4YBUSStructureandManipulation311
9.5BusImpedanceMatrix311
9.6InverseElementstoDetermineColumnsofZBUS317
9.7Summary319
10POWERFLOWANALYSIS323
10.0Introduction323
10.1PowerFlowEquations325
10.2ThePowerFlowProblem327
10.3SolutionbyGaussIteration330
10.4MoreGeneralIterationScheme336
10.5Newton-RaphsonIteration339
10.6ApplicationtoPowerFlowEquations343
10.7DecoupledPowerFlow352
10.8ControlImplications356
10.9RegulatingTransformersinPowerFlowAnalysis360
10.10PowerFlowSolutionsforLargePowerSystems364
10.11Summary366
11AUTOMATICGENERATIONCONTROLANDTHENEWMARKETENVIRONMENT375
11.0Introduction375
11.1PowerControlSystemModeling377
11.2ApplicationtoSingleMachine-InfiniteBusSystem384
11.3SimplifiedAnalysisofPowerControlSystem385
11.4PowerControl,MultigeneratorCase388
11.5SpecialCase:TwoGeneratingUnits391
11.6DivisionofPowerIntoControlAreas395
11.7FormulationoftheEconomicDispatchProblem400
11.8ClassicalEconomicDispatch(LineLossesNeglected)405
11.9GeneratorLimitsIncluded411
11.10LineLossesConsidered416
11.11CalculationofPenaltyFactors421
11.12EconomicIssuesandMechanismsintheNewMarketEnvironment429
11.13TransmissionIssuesandEffectsintheNewMarketEnvironment433
11.14Summary441
12UNBALANCEDSYSTEMOPERATION445
12.0Introduction445
12.1SymmetricalComponents446
12.2UseofSymmetricalComponentsforFaultAnalysis451
12.3SequenceNetworkConnectionsforDifferentTypesofFaults455
12.4MoreGeneralFaultCircuitAnalysis461
12.5PowerfromSequenceVariables462
12.6SequenceRepresentationofYand△ConnectedCircuit463
12.7GeneratorModelsforSequenceNetworks466
12.8TransformerModelsforSequenceNetworks469
12.9SequenceRepresentationofTransmissionLines471
12.10AssemblyofSequenceNetworks475
12.11FaultAnalysisforRealisticPowerSystemModel477
12.12MatrixMethods482
12.13Summary486
13SYSTEMPROTECTION495
13.0Introduction495
13.1ProtectionofRadialSystems497
13.2SystemwithTwoSources504
13.3Impedance(Distance)Relays508
13.4ModifiedImpedanceRelays512
13.5DifferentialProtectionofGenerators514
13.6DifferentialProtectionofTransformers516
13.7DifferentialProtectionofBusesandLines518
13.8OverlappingZonesofProtection519
13.9SequenceFilters520
13.10ComputerRelaying522
13.11Summary525
14POWERSYSTEMSTABILITY528
14.0Introduction528
14.1Model529
14.2EnergyBalance532
14.3LinearizationofSwingEquation536
14.4SolutionofNonlinearSwingEquation538
14.5OtherApplications549
14.6ExtensiontoTwo-MachineCase554
14.7MultimachineApplication556
14.8MultimachineStabilityStudies563
14.9Summary575
APPENDICES580
Appendix1:Reluctance580
Appendix2:ForceGenerationinaSolenoid581
Appendix3:MethodofLagrangeMultipliers584
Appendix4:Root-LocusMethod586
Appendix5:Negative-andZero-SequenceImpedancesofSynchronousMachines593
Appendix6:InversionFormula599
Appendix7:ModificationofImpedanceMatrices601
Appendix8:DataforTransmissionLineParameters605
SELECTEDBIBLIOGRAPHY612
INDEX614