chapter one an overview of western translation studies before the 1970s
1 translation in antiquity
2 translation in renassance and reformation
3 romanticism in transalation studies
4 western translation studies in modern times
5 james holmes and his 'map'of translation studies
6 development since the 1970s
chapter two linguistics-oriented approaches to translation studies
1 meaning-oriented approaches
2 equivalence-oriented approaches
3 discourse-analysis ,pragmatics and textual-linguistics approaches
4 croups approaches
5 cogntive/psycholinguistic approaches
chapter three function-orented approaches to translation studies
1 text typology and language functions
2 theory of translational action
3 skopostheorie
4 functionalist methodology in translator training
5 translation-oriented model of text analysis
chapter four system-based approaches to translation studies
1 tel aviv school
2 further development of translation norms
3 the manipulation school
chapter five culture-bassed approaches to translation studeies
1 the "cultural turn"in translation studies
2 translation as rewriting
3 feminist approaches
4 postcolonial approaches
5 cannibalist approaches
6 irish context of translation studies
7 pym's ethics of interculturality
chapter six philosophical approaches to translation studies
chapter seven historical approaches to translation studies
chapter eight studies on machine translation
chapter nine interpreting studies
chapter ten interdisciplinarity.glodalization and translation studies
bibligraphy