Part I COMPUTER AND DATA
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The Computer as a Black Box
Data Processor
Programmable Data Processor
1.2 von Neumann Model
Four Subsystems
Stored Program Concept
Sequential Execution of Instructions
1.3 Computer Hardware
1.4 Data
Storing Data
Organizing Data
1.5 Computer Software
Programs Must Be Stored
A Sequence of Instructions
Algorithms
Languages
Software Engineering
Operating Systems
1.6 History
Mechanical Machines (Before 1930)
Birth of Electronic Computers (1930—1950)
1.7 Key Terms
1.8 Summary
1.9 Practice Set
Chapter 2 Data Representation
2.1 Data Types
2.2 Data Inside the Computer
Bit
Bit Pattern
Byte
2.3 Representing Data
Text
Numbers
Images
Audio
Video
2.4 Hexadecimal Notation
Conversion
2.5 Octal Notation
Conversion
2.6 Key Terms
2.7 Summary
2.8 Practice Set
Chapter 3 Number Representation
3.1 Decimal and Binary
Decimal System
Binary System
3.2 Conversion
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Decimal to Binary Conversion
3.3 Integer Representation
Unsigned Integers Format
Sign-and-Magnitude Format
One's Complement Format
Two's Complement Format
Summary of Integer Representation
3.4 Excess System
3.5 Floating-Point Representation
Converting to Binary
Normalization
Sign, Exponent, and Mantissa
IEEE Standards
3.6 Hexadecimal Notation
3.7 Key Terms
3.8 Summary
3.9 Practice Set
Chapter 4 Operations on Bits
4.1 Arithmetic Operations
Arithmetic Operations on Integers
Arithmetic Operations on Floating-Point Numbers
4.2 Logical Operations
Truth Tables
Unary Operator
Binary Operators
Applications
4.3 Shift Operations
4.4 Key Terms
4.5 Summary
4.6 Practice Set
Part II COMPUTER HARDWARE
Chapter 5 Computer Organization
5.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Registers
Control Unit
5.2 Main Memory
Address Space
Memory Types
Memory Hierarchy
Cache Memory
5.3 Input/Output
Nonstorage Devices
Storage Devices
5.4 Subsystems Interconnection
Connecting CPU and Memory
Connecting I/O Devices
Addressing Input/Output Devices
5.5 Program Execution
Machine Cycle
A Machine Cycle Example
Input/Output Operation
5.6 Two Different Architectures
CISC
RISC
5.7 Key Terms
5.8 Summary
5.9 Practice Set
Chapter 6 Computer Networks
6.1 Networks, Large and Small
Model and Protocol
6.2 OSI Model
Seven Layers
Functions of the Layers
6.3 Categories of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
6.4 Connecting Devices
Repeaters
Bridges
Routers
Gateways
6.5 The Internet and TCP/IP
Physical and Data-Link Layers
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
6.6 Key Terms
6.7 Summary
6.8 Practice Set
Part III COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Chapter 7 Operating Systems
7.1 Definition
7.2 Evolution
Batch Systems
Time-Sharing Systems
Personal Systems
Parallel Systems
Distributed Systems
7.3 Components
Memory Manager
Process Manager
Device Manager
File Manager
User Interface
7.4 Popular Operating Systems
Windows 2000
UNIX
Linux
7.5 Key Terms
7.6 Summary
7.7 Practice Set
Chapter 8 Algorithms
8.1 Concept
Informal Definition
Example
Defining Actions
Refinement
Generalization
8.2 Three Constructs
Sequence
Decision
Repetition
8.3 Algorithm Representation
Flowchart
Pseudocode
8.4 A More Formal Definition
Ordered Set
Unambiguous Steps
Produce a Result
Terminate in a Finite Time
8.5 Subalgorithms
Structure Chart
8.6 Basic Algorithms
Summation
Product
Smallest and Largest
Sorting
Searching
8.7 Recursion
Iterative Definition
Recursive Definition
8.8 Key Terms
8.9 Summary
8.10 Practice Set
Chapter 9 Programming Languages
9.1 Evolution
Machine Languages
Symbolic Languages
High-Level Languages
Natural Languages
9.2 Building a Program
Writing and Editing Programs
Compiling Programs
Linking Programs
9.3 Program Execution
9.4 Categories of Languages
Procedural (Imperative) Languages
Object-Oriented Languages
Functional Languages
Declarative (Logic) Languages
Special Languages
9.5 A Procedural Language: C
Identifiers
Data Types
Variables
Constants
Input and Output
Expressions
Statements
Functions
Selection
Repetition
Derived Data Types
Recursion
9.6 Key Terms
9.7 Summary
9.8 Practice Set
Chapter 10 Software Engineering
10.1 Software Life Cycle
Analysis Phase
Design Phase
Implementation Phase
Testing Phase
10.2 Development Process Models
Waterfall Model
Incremental Model
10.3 Modularity
Tools
Coupling
Cohesion
10.4 Quality
Quality Defined
Quality Factors
The Quality Circle
10.5 Documentation
User Documentation
System Documentation
Documentation as an Ongoing Process
10.6 Key Terms
10.7 Summary
10.8 Practice Set
Part IV DATA ORGANIZATION
Chapter 11 Data Structures
11.1 Arrays
Array Applications
Two-Dimensional Arrays
11.2 Records
Accessing Records
11.3 Linked Lists
Nodes
Pointers to Linked Lists
Operations on Linked Lists
11.4 Key Terms
11.5 Summary
11.6 Practice Set
Chapter 12 Abstract Data Types
12.1 Background
Definition
Model for an Abstract Data Type
Operations on ADTs
12.2 Linear Lists
Operations on Linear Lists
Implementation of a General Linear List
Linear List Applications
12.3 Stacks
Operations on Stacks
Implementation of a Stack
Stack Applications
12.4 Queues
Operations on Queues
Implementation of a Queue
Queue Applications
12.5 Trees
Basic Tree Concepts
Operations on Trees
12.6 Binary Trees
Operations on Binary Trees
Implementation of a Binary Tree
Binary Tree Applications
12.7 Graphs
Terminology
Operations on Graphs
Implementation of a Graph
Graph Applications
12.8 Key Terms
12.9 Summary
12.10 Practice Set
Chapter 13 File Structures
13.1 Access Methods
Sequential Access
Random Access
13.2 Sequential Files
Updating Sequential Files
13.3 Indexed Files
Inverted Files
13.4 Hashed Files
Hashing Methods
Collision
13.5 Text versus Binary
Text Files
Binary Files
13.6 Key Terms
13.7 Summary
13.8 Practice Set
Chapter 14 Databases
14.1 Database Management System
14.2 Architecture
Internal Level
Conceptual Level
External Level
14.3 Database Models
Hierarchical Model
Network Model
Relational Model
14.4 Relational Model
Relation
14.5 Operations on Relations
Insert
Delete
Update
Select
Project
Join
Union
Intersection
Difference
14.6 Structured Query Language
Statements
14.7 Other Database Models
Distributed Databases
Object-Oriented Databases
14.8 Key Terms
14.9 Summary
14.10 Practice Set
Part V ADVANCED TOPICS
Chapter 15 Data Compression
15.1 Lossless Compression
Run-Length Encoding
Huffman Coding
Lempel Ziv Encoding
15.2 Lossy Compression Methods
Image Compression: JPEG
Video Compression: MPEG
15.3 Key Terms
15.4 Summary
15.5 Practice Set
Chapter 16 Security
Privacy
Authentication
Integrity
Nonrepudiation
16.1 Privacy
Encryption/Decryption
Privacy Using the Combination
16.2 Digital Signature
Signing the Whole Document
Signing the Digest
16.3 Key Terms
16.4 Summary
16.5 Practice Set
Chapter 17 Theory of Computation
17.1 Simple Language
Increment Statement
Decrement Statement
Loop Statement
Power of the Simple Language
Conclusion
17.2 Turing Machine
Turing Machine Components
Simulation of Simple Language
Conclusion
17.3 Godel Numbers
Representing a Program
Interpreting a Number
17.4 Halting Problem
Halting Problem is not Solvable
17.5 Solvable and Unsolvable Problems
Unsolvable Problems
Solvable Problems
17.6 Key Terms
17.7 Summary
17.8 Practice Set
Appendix A ASCII Code
Appendix B Unicode
Appendix C Flowcharts
C.1 Auxiliary Symbols
C.2 Main Symbols
Appendix D Pseudocode
D.1 Components
Appendix E Structure Charts
E.1 Structure Chart Symbols
E.2 Reading Structure Charts
E.3 Rules of Structure Charts
Appendix F Discrete Cosine Transform
F.1 Discrete Cosine Transform
F.2 Inverse Transform
Appendix G Acronyms
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