Preface VII
PART0NE INTRODUCTIOI
CHAPTER I Basic Concepts and Terminology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions
1.3 Open-Loop Control
1.4 Closed-Loop Control: Feedback
1.5 Control System Drawings
1.6 Nonlinearities
1.7 Benefits of Automatic Control
1.8 Load Changes
1.9 Damping and Instability
1.11 Criteria of Good Control
1.12 Block Diagram Simplification
CHAPTER 2 Types of Control
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Analog and Digital Control
2.3 Regulator and Follow-Up Systems
2.4 Process Control
2.5 Servomechanisms
2.6 Sequential Control
2.7 Numerical Control
2.8 Robotics
Contents
2.9 The Evolution of Control Systems
2.10 Examples of Control Systems
CHAPTER 3 The Common Elements of System Components
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electrical Elements
3.3 Liquid Flow Elements
3.4 Gas Flow Elements
3.5 Thermal Elements
3.6 Mechanical Elements
CHAPTER 4 Laplace Transforms and Transfer Functions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Input/Output Relationships
4.3 Laplace Transforms
4.4 Inverse Laplace Transforms
4.5 Transfer Functions
4.6 Initial and Final Value Theorems
4.7 Frequency Response: Bode Plots
PARTTW0 MEASUREMENT
CHAPTER 5 Measuring Instrument Characteristics
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Statistics
5.3 Operating Characteristics
5.4 Static Characteristics
5.5 Dynamic Characteristics
5.6 Selection Criteria
CHAPTER 6 Signal Conditioning
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Operational Amplifier
6,3 Op-Amp Circuits
6.4 Analog Signal Conditioning
6.5 Digital Signaling Conditioning
CHAPTER 7 Position, Motion, and Force Sensors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Position and Displacement Measurement
Contents
7.3 Velocity Measurement
7.4 Acceleration Measurement
7.5 Force Measurement
CHAPTER 8 Process Variable Sensors
8.1 Temperature Measurement
8.2 Flow Rate Measurement
8.3 Pressure Measurement
8.4 Liquid Level Measurement
PARTTHREE MANIPULATK
CHAPTER 9 Switches, Actuators, Valves, and Heaters
9.1 Mechanical Switching Components
9.2 Solid-State Components
9.3 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Valves and Actuators
9.4 Control Valves
9.5 Electric Heating Elements
CHAPTER I0 Electric Motors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 AC Motors
10.3 DC Motors
10.4 Stepping Motors
10.5 AC Adjustable-Speed Drives
10.6 DC Motor Amplifiers and Drives
PARTFOUR CONTR
CHAPTER 11 Control of Discrete Processes
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Time-Driven Sequential Processes
11.3 Event-Driven Sequential Processes
11.4 Time/Event-Driven Sequential Processes
CHAPTER 12 Programmable Logic Controllers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 PLC Hardwarev
Contents
12.3 PLC Programming and Operation
12.4 PLC Programming Functions
CHAPTER 13 Control of Continuous Processes
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Modes of Control
13.3 Electronic Analog Controllers
13.4 Digital Controllers
13.5 Advanced Control
13.6 Fuzzy Logic Controllers
PARTFIVE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
CHAPTER 14 Process Characteristics
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Integral or Ramp Process
14.3 The First-Order Lag Process
14.4 The Second-Order Lag Process
14.5 The Dead-Time Process
14.6 The First-Order Lag Plus Dead-Time Process
CHAPTER 15 Methods of Analysis
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Overall Bode Diagram of Several Components
15.3 Open-Loop Bode Diagrams
15.4 Closed-Loop Bode Diagrams
15.5 Error Ratio and Deviation Ratio
15.6 Computer-Aided Bode Plots
15.7 Stability
15.8 Gain and Phase Margin
15.9 Nyquist Stability Criterion
15.10 Root Locus
CHAPTER 16 Controller Design
16.1 Introduction
16.2 The Ultimate Cycle Method
16.3 The Process Reaction Method
16.4 Self-Tuning Adaptive Controllers
16.5 Computer-Aided PID Controller Design
16.6 Example Design of a Three-Loop Control System
16.7 Control System Compensation
Contents
APPENDIX A Properties at Materials
Properties of Solids
Melting Point and Latent Heat of Fusion
Properties of Liquids
Properties of Gases
Standard Atmospheric Conditions
APPENDIX B Units and Conversion
Systems of Units
Conversion Factors
APPENDIX C Binary Codes
Powers of 2
Octal and Binary Equivalents
Decimal, Hexadecimal, and Binary Equivalents
One's and Two's Complements
The Gray Code
Binary Codes for Decimal Digits
Seven-Bit ASCII Code
APPENDIX D Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
Purpose
Scope
Definition
Outline of the Identification System
APPENDIX E Complex Numbers
Introduction
Rectangular and Polar Forms of Complex Numbers
Conversion of Complex Numbers
Graphical Representation of Complex Numbers
Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers
Multiplication and Division of Complex Numbers
Integer Power of a Complex Number
Roots of a Complex Number
APPENDIX F Communications
Communication Interfaces
Local Area Networks
Communication Protocols
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