Chapter 1 Introduction
1. l Elements and Limitations of Communications Systems
Information, Messages, and Signals
Elements of a Communication System
Fundamental Limitations
l .2 Modulation and Coding
Modulation Methods
Modulation Benefits and Applications
Coding Methods and Benefits
l .3 Historical Perspective and Societal Impact
Historical Perspective
Societal Impact
l .4 Prospectus
Chapter 2 Signals and Spectra
2. l Line Spectra and Fourier Series
Phasors and Line Spectra
Periodic Signals and Average Power
Fourier Series
Convergence Conditions and Gibbs Phenomenon
Parseval's Power Theorem
2 .2 Fourier Transforms and Continuous Spectra (2. l)
Fourier Transforms
Symmetric and Causal Signals
Rayleigh's Energy Theorem
Duality Theorem
Transform Calculations 44
2 .3 Time and Frequency Relations (2.2)
Superposition
Time Delay and Scale Change
Frequency Translation and Modulation
Differentiation and Integration
2 .4 Convolution (2.3)
Convolution Integral
Convolution Theorems
2 .5 Impulses and Transforms in the Limit(2.4)
Properties of the Unit Impulse
Impulses in Frequency
Step and Signum Functions
Impulses in Time
Chapter 3 Signal Transmission and Filtering
3. l Response of LTI Systems (2.4)
Impulse Response and the Superposition
Integral Transfer Functions and Frequency Response
Block-Diagram Analysis
3 .2 Signal Distortion in Transmission (3.l)
Distortionless Transmission
Linear Distortion
Equalization
Nonlinear Distortion and Companding
3 .3 Transmission Loss and Decibels (3.2)
Power Gain
Transmission Loss and Repeaters
Fiber Optics
Radio Transmission
3 .4 Filters and Filtering (3.3)
Ideal Filters
Bandlimiting and Timelimiting
Real Filters
Pulse Response and Rise time
3 .5 Quadrature Filters and Hilbert Transforms(3.4)
3 .6 Conelation and Spectral Density(3.3)
Conelation of Power Signals
Comelation of Energy Signals
Spectral Density Functions
Chapter 4 Linear CW Modulation
4 .1 Bandpass Signals and Systems (3.4)
Analog Message Conventions
Bandpass Signals
Bandpass Transmission
4 .2 Double-Sideband Amplitude Modulation (4.l)
AM Signals and Spectra
DSB Signals and Spectra
Tone Modulation and Phasor Analysis
4 .3 Modulators and Transmitters (4.2)
Product Modulators
Square-Law and Balanced Modulators
Switching Modulators
4 .4 Suppressed-Sideband Amplitude
Modulation (3.5, 4.3)
SSB Signals and Spectra
SSB Oeneration
VSB Signals and Spectra
4 .5 Frequency Conversion and Demodulation (4.4)
Frequency Conversion
Synchronous Detection
Envelope Detection
Chapter 5 Exponential CW Modulation
5. l Phase and Frequency Modulation (4.3)
PM and FM signals
Narrowband PM and FM
Tone Modulation
Multitone and Periodic Modulation
5 .2 Transmission Bandwidth and Distortion (5.l)
Transmission Bandwidth Estimates
Linear Distortion
Nonlinear Distortion and Limiters
5.3 Generation and Detection of FM and PM (4.5, 5.2)
Direct FM and VCOs
Phase Modulators and Indirect FM
Triangular-Wave FM
Frequency Detection
5.4 Interference (5.3)
Interfering Sinusoids
Deemphasis and heemphasis Filtering
FM Capture Effect
Chapter 6 Sampling and Pulse Modulation
6. 1 Sampling Theory and Practice (4.2)
Chopper Sampling
Ideal Sampling and Reconstmction
Practical Sampling and Aliasing
6 .2 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (6.l)
Flat-Top Sampling and PAM 245
6 .3 Pulse-Time Modulation (6.2)
Pulse-Duration and Pulse-Position
Modulation
PPM Spectral Analysis
Chapter 7 Analog Communication Systems
7. l Receivers for CW Modulation (5.3)
Superheterodyne Receivers
Direct Conversion Receivers
Special-Purpose Receivers
Receiver Specifications
Scanning Spectrum Analyzers
7. 2 Multiplexing Systems (5.3, 6. l)
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Quadrature-Camier Multiplexing
Time-Division Multiplexing
Cross Talk and Guard Times
Comparison ofTDM and FDM
7.3 Phase-Lock Loops (7. l)
PLL Operation and Lock-In
Synchronous Detection and Frequency
Synthesizers
Linearized PLL Models and FM Detection
7.4 Television Systems (7.l)
Video Signals, Resolution, and Bandwidth
Monochrome Transmitters and Receivers
Color Television
HDTV
Chapter 8
Probability and Random Variables
8. l Probability and Sample Space
Probabilities and Events
Sample Space and Probability Theory
Conditional Probability and Statistical
Independence
8 .2 Random Variables and Probability Functions (8. l)
Discrete Random Variables and CDFs
Continuous Random Variables and PDFs
Transformations of Random Variables
Joint and Conditional PDFs
8 .3 Statistical Averages (2.3, 8.2)
Means, Moments, and Expectation
Standard Deviation and Chebyshev's Inequality
Multivariate Expectations
Characteristic Functions
8 .4 Probability Models (8.3)
Binomial Distribution
Poisson Distribution
Gaussian PDF
Rayleigh PDF
Bivariate Gaussian Distribution
Chapter 9 Random Signals and Noise
9.l Random Processes (3.6, 8.4)
Ensemble Averages and Comelation Functions
Ergodic and Stationary Processes
Gaussian Processes
9.2 Random Signals (9.l)
Power Spectrum
Superposition and Modulation
Filtered Random Signals
9.3 Noise (9.2)
Thermal Noise and Available Power
White Noise and Filtered Noise
Noise Equivalent Bandwidth
System Measurements Using White Noise
9.4 Baseband Signal Transmission with Noise (9.3)
Additive Noise and Signal-to-Noise Ratios
Analog Signal Transmission
9.5 Baseband Pulse Transmission with Noise (9.4)
Pulse Measurements in Noise
Pulse Detection and Matched Filters
Chapter 1O Noise in Analog Modulation Systems
l0.l Bandpass Noise (4.4, 9.2)
System Models
Quadrature Components
Envelope and Phase
Conelation Functions
1O.2 Linear CW Modulation with Noise (1O.2)
Synchronous Detection
Envelope Detection and Threshold Effect
1O.3 Exponential CW Modulation with Noise (5.3, 1O.2)
Postdetection Noise
Destination S/N
FM Threshold Effect
Threshold Extension by FM Feedback
1O.4 Comparison of CW Modulation Systems (9.4, 1O.3)
1O.5 Phase-Lock Loop Noise Performance (7.3, 1O.l)
1O.6 Analog Pulse Modulation with Noise (6.3, 9.5)
Signal-to-Noise Ratios
False-Pulse Threshold Effect
Chapter 11 Baseband Digital Transmission
ll.l Digital Signals and Systems (9.l)
Digital PAM Signals
Transmission Limitations
Power Spectra of Digital PAM
Spectral Shaping by Precoding
ll.2 Noise and Enors (9.4, 11.l)
Binary Error Probabilities
Regenerative Repeaters
Matched Filtering
M-ary Error Probabilities
11.3 Bandlimited Digital PAM Systems (ll.2)
Nyquist Pulse Shaping
Optimum Terminal Filters
Equalization
Correlative Coding
ll.4 Synchronization Techniques (11.2)
Bit Synchronization
Scramblers and PN Sequence Generators
Prame Synchronization
Chapter 12 Digitization Techniques for Analog Messages and Networks
12.l Pnlse-Code Modulation (6.2, 11.1)
PCM Generation and Reconstruction
Quantization Noise
Nonuniform Quantizing and Companding
12.2 PCM with Noise (11.2, 12.l)
Decoding Noise
Error Threshold
PCM Versus Analog Modulation
12.3 Delta Modulation and Predictive Coding (12.2)
Delta Modulation
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Adaptive Delta Modulation
Differential PCM
LPC Speech Synthesis
12.4 Digital Audio Recording (12.3)
CD Recording
CD Playback
12.5 Digital Multiplexing (12.1)
Multiplexers and Hierarchies
Digital Subscriber Lines
Integrated Services Digital Network
Synchronous Optical Network
Data Multiplexers
12.6 Computer Networks (12.5)
Open Systems Interconnection
Transmission Conffol Protocolnntemet
Protocol
Chapter 13 Channel Coding and Encryption 5
13.l Error Detection and Connection (11.2)
Repetition and Parity-Check Codes
Interleaving
Code Vectors and Hamming Distance
FEC Systems
ARQ Systems
13.2 Linear Block Codes (13.1)
Matrix Representation of Block Codes
Syndrome Decoding
Cyclic Codes
M-ary Codes
13.3 Convolutional Codes (13.2)
Convolutional Encoding 574
Free Distance and Coding Gain
Decoding Methods
TurboCodes
13.4 Data Encryption (13.1)
Data Encryption Standard
Rivest-Shamir-Adleman System
Chapter 14 Bandpass Digital Transmission
14.l Digital CW Modulation (4.5, 5.l, Il.l)
Spectral Analysis of Bandpass Digital Signals
Amplitnde Modulation Methods
Phase Modulation Methods
Frequency Modulation Methods
Minimnm-Shift Keying
14.2 Coherent Binary Systems (11.2, 14.l)
Optimum Binary Detection
Coherent OOK, BPSIC, and FSK
Timing and Synchronization
14.3 Noncoherent Binary Systems (l4.2)
Envelope of a Sinusoid Plus Bandpass Noise
Noncoherent OOK
Noncoherent FSK
DiHerentially Coherent PSK
14.4 Qnadrature-CaTrier and hf-ary Systems (14.2)
Quadrature-Carrier Systems
RI-ary PSK Systems
ht-ary QAM Systems
Comparison of Digital Modulation Systems
14.5 Trenis-Coded Modulation
TCM Basics
Hard Versus Soft Decisions
Modems
Chapter 15 Spread Spectrum Systems
15.l Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (14.2)
DSS Signals
DSS Performance in the Presence of Interference
Multiple Access
15.2 Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum (15.1)
FH-SS Signals
FH-SS Performance in the Presence of Interference
15.3 Coding (15.l)
15.4 Synchronization (7.3)
Acqoisition
Tracking
t5.5 Wireless Telephone Systems tls.I)
CeUular Telephone Systems
Personal Communication Systems
Chapter 16 Information and Detection Theory
16.1 Information Measure and Source Coding (12.l)
Information Measure
Entropy and Information Rate
Coding for a Discrete Memoryless Channel
Predictive Coding for Sources with Memory
16.2 Information Transmission on Discrete Channels (16.1)
Mutual Information
Discrete Channel Capacity
Coding for the Binary Symmetric Channel
16.3 Continuous Channels and System Comparisons (16.2)
Continu
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