英语高级写作：论说文入门

Chpter One
　Introducing Theories
　　1.1 Two Theoretical Sources
　　1.2 Stephen Toulmin’S Theory
　　1.3 Carl Rogers’Theory.
　Tasks.
　Critical thinking activities
　　A.The Pattern of an Argument：Data and Warrants(Excerpts)
　　B.Communication：Its Blocking and Its Facilitation.
Chpter Two
　Basic Concepts.
　　2.1 Defining Argumentation and Argument
　　2.2 Argumentation and Communication
　　2.3 Argumentation and Persuasion
　　2.4 Argumentation and Explanation
　　2.5 Work Ethic for Argumentation
　Tasks，
　I.Critical thinking activities
　　A.Where Is Argument?
　　B.Argumentation，Speaker and Audience(Excerpts)
　　C.Persusasion(Excerpts)
　II.Writing tasks.
　　A.Freeway Sparks Development Dilemma
　　B.China Finds Its Shangri.La in Tourism
Chpter three
　Definition (1)
　　3.1 Defining Definition
　　3.2 The Need for a Proper Definition in Argumentation
　　3.3 Functions of Definition
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　A. Choice, Presence, and Presentation
　　B. Persuasive Definition (Excerpts)
　Ⅱ. Writing tasks:
　　A. Text of Bush's Speech
　　B. On Freedom
Chpter Four
　Definition (2)
　　4.1 The Basic Structure of a Definition
　　4.2 First-level Definition
　　4.3 Common Ways of First-level Defining
　　4.4 Second-level Elaboration
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　A. Marriage
　　B. Defining Abortion Is a Tricky Business
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. Selection from Plato's Phaedra
　　B. "Equal" Does Not Mean "Same".
　　C. Gay Marriage and the Right to Vote
Chpter Five
　Claims
　　5.1 The Nature of a Claim
　　5.2 The Function of a Claim
　　5.3 The Structure of a Claim
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　A. Fact and Value (Excerpts)
　　B. Bush, Kerry Trade Barbs Over Jobs
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. Ten Reasons Not to Hit Your Kids
　　B. Stephen Ambrose and the Rights of Passage .
　　C. Should Stephen Ambrose Be Pardoned?
Chpter Six
　Claims of Fact
　　6.1 Defining a Claim of Fact
　　6.2 Presenting Facts in a Claim of Fact
　　6.3 Relativity of Certainty in a Claim of Fact
　　6.4 Supporting a Claim of Fact
　　6.5 Challenging a Claim of Fact
　　6.6 A Case Study
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　A. Truth and Power (Excerpts)
　　B. Leader: Show Us the Proof
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. Loving the Little Emperor
　　B. Little Emperors, Little Brats
Chpter Seven
　Claims of Value
　　7.1 Defining a Claim of Value
　　7.2 Supporting a Claim of Value
　　7.3 Challenging a Claim of Value
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　A. Is Ethics a Science? (Excerpts)
　　B. What Is Noble? (Excerpts)
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers' Brief
　　B. Last Rights
　　C. In Response to Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers'Brief
Chpter Eight
　Claims of Policy
　　8.1 Defining a Claim of Policy
　　8.2 Establishing a Problem
　　8.3 Matching the Problem with the Course of Action
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　The Analysis of the Problem (Excerpts)
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. What We Owe to Parents (Excerpts)
　　B. A Right to Care
　　C. Worst of Both Worlds Nine
Chpter Nine
　Support
　　9.1 Defining Support
　　9.2 Evidential Support
　　9.3 Motivational Support
　　9.4 Measuring the Strength of Support
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:Field Dependence (Excerpts)
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. The Answer to Terrorism? Colonialism
　　B. Freedom in a Time of Terrorism
　　C. John Kerry's Speech to the National Congress of the American Indians
Cltpter Ten
　　10.1 Quoting for a Purpose
　　10.2 Factors That Constrain Quoting
　　10.3 Ways of Quoting
　　10.4 System of Quotation
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　Fullness of Argumentation
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. Whatever Happened to the University?
　　B. A Proposal to Abolish Grading
Chpter Eleven
　Warrant
　　11.1 Defining Warrant
　　11.2 Types of Warrants
　Tasks
　I. Critical thinking activities:
　　A. The Ideological Problem of Social Science (Excerpts)
　　B. The Notion of Formal Validity (Excerpts)
　II. Writing tasks:
　　A. Teach Them the Real America
　　B. In Defense of Multiculturalism
　　C. Against Multiculturalism
　　D. The Bottom of Multiculturalism's Barrel
Chpter Twelve
　Congluding Remarks. Critical Reading
　　12.1 Critical Reading
　　12.2 A Critical Approach
A Sample Task for the Final Examination .
Worksheet for Argumentation
Main References
Essential Glossary of Argument
Common Fallacies