序言Ⅲ编者的话Ⅴ用法说明Ⅶ体例说明Ⅸ音标分部排序表ⅩⅢ词汇表(按字母排序)ⅩⅤ正文1附录一简明英语语音表及发音要领152附录二常用前缀、后缀157附录三词组表 161近几年出版的很多大学英语四、六级词汇手册对参加全国四、六级统考的考生帮助很大。这本由胡宛如等编写的《有声记忆——最新大学英语六级词汇活用词典》按照新思路编排,推陈出新,在众多同类书籍中独树一帜。编写者总结多年教学及辅导四、六级应考的经验,归纳出一套从听读入手,结合示例帮助考生快捷掌握词汇的成功经验。现在他们将这些经验浓缩于这本词汇词典当中。语音是语言的第一性的重要部分,人类学习语言的规律就是以听为先导。这种从听读入手的教学方法符合这条规律。一般的大学英语教学不单设语音课,很多学生入学时又没有接受过正规的语音训练,加上方言的影响,他们读单词的发音不准确,但又得不到及时纠正,甚至他们头脑中没有这些词的正确读音。结果往往听不懂以英语为本族语的人的准确读音,更不用说听懂句子和文章了。这种忽视单词发音规律、只靠死记硬背单词拼写、将字形与读音分离的做法无疑是造成记忆效率不高,听力困难重重的原因所在。这也是众多学外语的朋友抱怨单词记不住,听力提不高的主要原因。这本全新的词汇记忆词典就是针对这个难点而编写,兼顾词汇的拼写和教学大纲要求掌握的用法。它最大的特点是一反惯例,不按拼写排序,而是按单词的国际音标顺序排序,并附录按拼写排序的索引,另外全部词汇配有录音磁带。读者既可以跟读磁带,合辙压韵地背记单词,纠正发音,又可以按单词读音查生词或阅读时按拼写查生词。词典中提供的近义词、简单辨析及示例、反义词、派生词等都是备考的有用资料。另外,本书在每种用法后都用具体范例解释,也为读者学习词汇提供了极大帮助。希望这本来源于教学实践的工具书能回到教学实践中发挥应有的作用,帮助考生全面提高英语水平,顺利通过英语四、六级考试。2000年7月为了帮助考生从听、读、写、用全方位立体记忆生词,我们根据1999年最新公布的《大学英语教学大纲》(修订本)的词汇表编写了这本《有声记忆——最新大学英语六级词汇活用词典》。词条内容包括: 音标、拼法、词性、用法示例、常见派生词、常见近义词辨异及示例和反义词等。记忆生词的方法很多。我们在这里推荐的“有声记忆法”无疑是最快捷有效的方法之一。使用这种方法的学习者不需要掌握什么理论,只需手持这本按有声记忆法编写的字典,借助读音准确的磁带朗朗跟读,即可于怡然自得之中轻松愉快地有声有形有意地活记生词。经验告诉我们,记忆生词时若将其形(即拼法)与其读音和意义立体交叉在一起,这个学习过程就不再枯燥乏味,甚至饶有趣味,记后不忘。日后每听到这个读音脑海中便会自然而然地联想起它的形和意,听力水平陡然上升。声音在记忆事物中的这种神奇作用已是不争的事实。比如,我们的先人创造出那么多象声词和叠音词,使很多复杂的概念变得易记易用。又如,我们教幼儿说话时,用“洗丫丫”代替“洗脚”,用“妈妈抱抱”代替“母亲抱孩子”等。这都是运用有声记忆法的鲜活实例。但是,在成年人的语言学习中这种方法却屡屡被忽视。我们常见到学生一个一个字母地用“笨招儿”背生词,真是苦不堪言,事倍功半。作为教师,我们有责任从教学方法和教学实践两方面引导学生运用有声记忆法快速有效地学习生词。俗话说“十聋九哑”。这个说法可以从一个侧面说明听懂和会读是两位一体的事情:听不懂,就不会读和说。不会听和读,就记不牢词汇。但是,目前在大学英语课堂中,语音、口语和听力的教学很困难,效果难尽人意。很少有大学单独开设此类课程。此外,由于不少学生在中学阶段没有系统地学过语音和口语,致使他们在读音和听音方面功力欠缺,而这个薄弱环节直接妨碍他们从听读入手快速记忆生词,提高听力,提高整体英语水平。为此,我们编写出这本独具特色的词典,希望学生使用它通过课外自学补上课内的缺憾。本词典的编写方法是将六级词汇按读音规律排列。读音相近的词列在一起,读起来抑扬顿挫,合辙押韵,朗朗上口,趣味盎然;再配以读音标准的磁带以供跟读。学生耳听磁带,一边跟读背诵单词,一边纠正发音,一边耳熟正确的读音以提高听力,一边阅读大纲要求掌握该词的释义和义项、常用派生词、近义词辨析及实例、反义词等,可谓一书多用。本词典编写了“简明英语语音表及发音要领”,供读者花少许时间补习语音这一课,以利于全面提高听说水平。本字典的特点是立意新颖,信息量大,但是因编写力求简洁,篇幅并不大,内容符合考生需要。编者们多年从事大学英语教学及四、六级考试辅导、阅卷工作,了解教学大纲、学生需要及考试要求。所以编写本词典驾轻就熟,得心应手,从而保证了本词典的质量。全国大学英语四六级考试委员会委员及考试中心(一)主任杨庆午教授对本词典的编写给予了充分的肯定与热忱鼓励,提出了很多建设性意见和建议,并拨冗为本词典做序。对此,我们向杨庆午教授表示诚挚的谢意。李蔚青老师大力协助我们做编排工作,在此也一并致谢。胡宛如1 关于按读音查找单词的方法本词典收入的词条统一根据其第一个重读音节顺序排列。词条排列规则如下:按英语20个元音分为20个大部分(因元音//部实用词汇很少,未被列入,故实际只有19个部)。各个大部中的词条又按其第一个重读音节中辅音在语音表中的顺序依次排列,再分为若干分部。各个分部的单词排列由简到繁,先单音节,再双音节,最后多音节。以/i/部为例:凡是第一个重读音节为/i/的单词都属于此部。此部所有单词按照辅音顺序(p,b,t,d,k,,m,n,l,f,v,,,s,z,,,h,r,w,j,t,,tr,dr)分为/i/、/pi/、/bi/、/ti/、/di/、/ki/等25个分部。读者可以按此法查找读到或听到的单词(参见音标分部排序表)。如: 在第一个大部/i/中的第一分部/i/部中,读者可以看到如下这些第一个重读音节为/i/的单词按读音规律依次排列: naive, epoch, Easter, medieval。在第二分部/pi/中可以看到如下几个词排列在一起: peel, appease, peanut。2 关于按拼写查找单词的方法词汇表(按字母顺序)排列出全部六级词汇。按照传统的查词方法可以在该索引里找到任何一个六级的纲内词。该词后面标示的数字即是其所在页的页码,读者可以据此找到该词及相关的读音、释义和示例等资料。以naive为例: 读者按其拼法可在N部中查到“naive”,那么即可在第一页上查到naive一词及有关内容。3 关于检索方法和附录的详细说明本词典共编有两种检索方法。一种是“音标分部排序表”,共分19个元音部。每个元音部下面根据收词情况分为若干分部(由7个分部到25个分部不等)。该表主要为读者按读音查词提供方便。第二种是按字母排列的词汇表。该词汇表主要为读者按拼写查词提供方便。本词典共编有三个附录。附录一是“英语语音表及发音要领”。该附录主要为读者提供正音的方便。附录二是“常用前缀、后缀”。此部分说明了前缀、后缀的作用,并提供示例。该附录主要为读者学习派生词提供方便。附录三是“词组表”。此词组表是新大纲要求考生必须掌握的内容之一。1 不同拼写形式的单词,若拼写接近,则列为一条,如: odo(u)r, visualize(\|ise)。若拼写形式差异较大,则分列两处,其中一处用“见”表示参见,如: enquire见inquire; gym见gymnasium。2 意义差别较大的同形异义词分列词条,在右上角标以1、2……数码,如: mint1 n. ① 薄荷…… mint2 n. ① 铸币厂……。3 英语缩写形式a. adjective形容词ad. adverb副词ant.antonym反义词art.article冠词aux.v.auxiliary verb助动词conj.conjunction连词int.interjection感叹词n.noun名词num.numeral数词syn.synonym近义词pl.plural复数prep.preposition介词pron.pronoun代词sing.singular单数phr.phrase词组或短语v.verb动词vi.verb intransitive不及物动词vt.verb transitive及物动词[C]countable noun可数名词[U]uncountable noun不可数名词一个单词可作不同词性使用时,其词性按常用程度排列。在注名词时,若该词有四个义项,前三个义项不可数,那么,只在①后标[U],④后标[C]。若该名词有两个义项,均可数或均不可数,那么,只在词性n.后标[C]或[U],如pl.)或(常pl.)表示该名词(或名词的改义项)使用时用复数或常用复数,如(pl.)直接放在该词条前(词性符号后),表示该名词词条是复数形式,如: latitude n. ② (pl.)纬度地区。6 词组分别列在中心词的词条下,同一词条下有多个词组时,词组按第一个词的字母顺序排列。本书附有词组表,按字母顺序排列,以供检索,不注释义,释义可分别按该词组中用黑体标出的中心词在正文内的相应词条下查到。7 符号用法(1) 圆括号( ): 用于a. 对释义的补充说明,如: dean n. (大学.学院的)院长,系主任,学监;peel n. (水果等的)皮,外皮。b. 释义中可以替换的部分,如: paradox n. ② 自相矛盾的人(或事物)。c. 可以省略的部分,如: revive v. ②(使)复苏,表示作及物动词时释作“使复苏”,作不及物动词时释作“复苏”。d. 动词、形容词、名词等常用的搭配关系,如: comply vi. (with)遵从,依从,服从。e. 近义词辨析,如: crash 碰撞(撞碎或发出巨大的碰撞声音)。(2) 方括号[ ]:a. 用于对词汇用法方面的说明,如: deal [口语]交易。b. 表示学科用语,如:[心理],指心理学用语。(3) 尖括号〈 〉:用于根据大纲要求掌握的前缀和后缀,该词的常见派生词。如: flatter 〈flattery naive a. 天真的,幼稚的:a ~ girl 天真纯朴的姑娘;tease syn.kid开玩笑: ~sb.(开玩笑地)哄骗某人。(6) 一字线 -:用于替换中心词中所示字母以外的部分,如: cling: C-on tight.表示cling在此示例中首写字母大写,其余拼写不变。(7) 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词及不规则变化的现在分词用圆括号( )列于动词词性后面。如果该动词既可作及物动词又可用作不及物动词,只标于先出现的词性后。[ i ]部[i ]1[pi]1[bi]2[ti]2[di]2[mi]2[ni]3[li]3[fi]4[vi]4[i]4[si]5[i]6[ri]6[di]8[tri]8[i]部[e]部47[]部63[]部[]部[]部[u]部[u]部[]部97[p]97[t]97[k]99[m]99[n]100[l]100[f]100[v]101[]103[s]103[h]104[w]104[d]105[]部[ei]部[u]部[ai]部[au]部[i]部[i]部[]部[u]部Aa[WT5”BZ〗abnormal85abolish69abortion82abrupt113absurd103abundance106accessory43accommodate71acquaint126activate48addict14adhere147adjacent127adjoin146administer16adolescent39adore83adverse48aerial149aesthetic40affiliate22affirm101afflict19aggravate49aggregate49agony48agreeable148air-conditioning149aisle135album48alien114allege39alleviate4allocate49alloy48alternate81ambiguous11ambitious11amend37ammunition18ample48amplify48analogy54analytic(al)20angel114anonymous74appease1appendix32applaud85appraisal125arc63arch63arena7armour63array123arrogant49artery63articulate13artillery13ascend41ascertain115ascribe142aspiration125assassination119assault86assert103assimilate23assurance150astronomy80asylum140atlas48attendance34attendant34auction80authentic41authoritative76authorize(\|ise)81automation119autonomous69autonomy69avail122avert101aviation114axis48Bbbachelor50badge50baffle50bald81ballet50ballot50bamboo89bandage50barren50barricade117basement115batch49batter50beforehand86belly33betray127bewilder28bias137bibliography67biography67bizarre66blaze120bleak3bless38blink19blossom75blunder110blunt109blur100blush109bonus129booklet88booth89bowel143boycott145brace124bracket60breach7breakdown125breakthrough126brew90bribe141briefcase7brink26brisk26bronze78brood91browse145bruise91brutal91buck106bud106bug106bull88bulletin88bully88bureaucracy79burial33bust106buzz106bypass137Cccafeteria146calcium52cane117cannon52canvas52cape117capsule52caption52captive52cardinal64carve64casualty52catastrophe52cater117cathedral4catholic52caution83cavity52cellar41cemetery42census41ceramic61cereal147certainty104certify104champagne115chapel61chord83chorus84chronic78chuck113chunk113circulation121clamp55clan55clarity57clasp65classic57clearance147climax139cling19clip118clip218clockwise75clone131closet75cluster110clutch110coalition21cocaine117cocktail70cognitive72coherent148coincide140coincidence10collaboration125collide138colonial132comet70comic70commence37commend37commentary73commodity74commonplace71commonwealth72commute93compact49compartment64compatible49compensate71compensation122competence70compile136complement72complexion39complication117compliment72comply138composite71compulsory105compute92concede5conceive5conception42concise140confer100confidential36configuration125conform85conscientious30consecutive43consensus42consequent72conserve103console132consolidate77conspicuous11constituent13constrain127contaminate51contemplate71contempt33contend33contention34continuity70contradict14contrive142convene4converge102conversion102cooperative68cordial84cork83corporate84corps83corpse83correlate72corrode133corrupt113costume70couch144counterpart144coupon89courtesy99coverage108coward144cozy130cradle125creation114credible45cripple26crisp26criterion146crumble113cucumber95culminate108cumulative96curb99customary108cute92cylinder23cynical23Dddart64database117deadly36dean2decimal37decisive141decree6dedicate36deduce94deduct108deem2default85defendant39defiance136deficiency22deficit37definitive21defy139degenerate47degrade124denial138denote131denounce144dentist35depict10deport81deprive142descendant41descent41designate37despise136destined35destiny36destructive113detach51detain115deteriorate147deviate2diagnose137differentiate45diffuse94dignity15dilemma39diligent15dilute93diminish16dine137diploma131diplomat15directory45disable114disastrous66discern103disclose131discreet6discrepancy45discrete6discriminate27dismay118dispense31disperse97displace120disposition24disregard14disrupt112dissipate15distil12distort82distract62disturbance98diversion102divert101dividend15divine140dizzy14dock170dock270dock370doctrine70dodge70dole130dolphin70domain119dome130donate119doom89doubtless144drainage127drastic63drawback88dread47dreadful47drought145dual95dub107dubious95duplicate96dwarf87dwell46EeEaster1eccentric42eclipse19ecology72edible30ego29eject46elapse55electrician29elevate30elicit20eligible30elite3eloquent30embark64embed33embody68emigrate30empirical11enclosure131endeavour36endow143endurance151energetic47engagement118enlighten139enrich26enrol(l)134ensue92entail116enthusiastic48entity30entrepreneur100envisage22epidemic35epoch1equator126erase124erosion134erroneous134erupt112escort29essence29esteem2esthetic40eternal98evacuate58evoke132exceptional43excerpt29execution95exemplify43exempt43exile29exotic77expedition14expel31expend30expenditure32expertise2expire136explicit20exposition24exquisite30extinct12extinguish13extract62extravagant63Fffabricate58fabulous58facet57facilitate23fake121fascinate57feast4feat4federation126feeble4fellowship40feminine40ferry39finite140fitting21fixture21flank55flap55flare149flatter56flaw85fling19flip18fluctuate111flush1110flush2110flutter110foam132foil146foremost86foresee5formidable86formulate86fort85forthcoming108forum86fossil76foster76foul145fracture61fragile61frantic60fraud87friction27fringe25furious151fury151fuse194fuse294fusion95Ggga(u)ge118galaxy53gamble52garment65gasp65gauge118generalize(\|ise)47genetic38geology67gigantic53giggle15glamour57gland55glare149gleam3glide138glitter20global131gloom90gloomy90gorgeous84gossip73gown144gracious126graphic61graze1124graze2124grease7grief6grieve7grill26grim25grin25groan134groove91grope133guardian65Hhhail1123hail2123hamper59handbook59handicap60harassment60hardy66hasty123hatch59haul87haunt87hawk86heighten141heir149hemisphere43henceforth43herb104heritage43hierarchy141hike141hinder25hinge25historian83hitherto25hoist146homogenous77hop77hose133hospitality52hostage77hound145hover77howl145huddle112hug112hum112humanity53humidity16hurl104hurricane112hypothesis68hysterical34Iiidentification117ideology67idiom9idiot9ignite138illuminate96illusion95imaginative54imitation116immerse99immune93impair149impart63impetus9implicit21impulse9inaugurate85incentive41incidence10incidentally36inclusive90incorporate84indefinite37indicative14indignant14indignation119induce93indulge108inertia100infectious39inflict19ingenious8inhabit59inherent147inhibit25initiate18inject47inland9inlet9innumerable96insane122inspiration125insta(l)ment82instantaneous126instrumental37insulate10intact51integrity35intellect9intelligible35intensify34intent33interact60intercourse10interim10intermittent16intersection42intervene4intimidate13intricate10intrigue8intrinsic28intuition9invalid10invaluable58invariably149inventory40invert101irony135irrespective31irrigation118irritate10isle135ivory135Jjjeopardize(\|ise)47jerk105jog80judicial14junction113junk113justification118juvenile96Kkkidnap15kidney15kit15knit17knob74Lllace120lame119lash55latent120latitude57layman121leaflet3ledge38legend39legitimate28lever3levy39liability11lieutenant34likelihood139limp119limp219linear20linen20liner139linger20literacy21literal21literally21litter20locality52locomotive132lofty75longitude76loom190loom290lounge144lubricate96luminous96lunar95lure150Mmmagistrate54magnify53magnitude53majesty54mall84manifest53manipulate18manoeuvre89mansion53manuscript53marble65marginal65marsh65marshal65masculine65massacre53masterpiece65meadow37mediate2medieval1Mediterranean126melody38memorize38menace38mercury100merge99messenger38metallic51metropolitan68midst15migrant138migrate123militant17millionaire149mingle16miniature17minibus16minimal17minimize17mint116mint216misery17misfortune86missionary17mistress16moan130mob73mobilize(\|ise)130mock73module73momentum37monetary109monopoly74monster73morality61mortal84mortgage84motel33mourn84muddy109multitude109municipal18murmur99muscular109mute92mutter109myth16Nnnaive1napkin54narrative54nasty65necessitate42negligible38nickel18nickname18nil17nominal74nominate74nonetheless38norm84notable131notation116notorious83nourish109novelty74numerical38nurture100nutrition29Oooak128oath128obedient2obscene5obscure150odo(u)r128offset67offspring67olive67oppress44optimism68optimum67orient80oriental29orientation116originate28ornament81orthodox81outbreak143outfit143outrage143overflow128overhear147overlap54overpass63overt128overthrow128overturn98overwhelm46owl143oxide67ozone128Pppact49pamphlet49paperback115paradise49paradox49paralyze(-se)49parameter61parasite49participant13pastime64partition13pastry115pasture64patent115pathetic40patriot115patriotic66patrol135patron115pave115peanut2pearl97pedal32pedestrian36peel1peg30pendulum33penguin32peninsula18perfection39perfume97periodic66periodical67perish32permeate97permissible17perpetual32perplex38persistent22persuasion126pertinent97pest31petition12petty31pharmacy66physiological76pilgrim11pirate136pistol11plague119plaster65plateau57plausible85plea3plead3plight138poke129polar129ponder68pope129porch81pore①81pore②81portray127postulate68posture68practicable61preach7precede5precedent45preclude90predecessor8predominant70premature150premier44premise44premium7prescription27preside141prestige2presume94pretext7prevalent45preview7prey123privacy142probe133proceeding6proclaim120productive108productivity13proficiency22profitable79profound144prolong75promising78prone133propagate78propel31prophet78proposition24prose134prosecute78prospective32prototype134provocative76proximity23prune191prune291psychiatrist138pumpkin105purify151purity151pursuit93Qqqualitative80quantify80quantitative80quart87quarterly88quartz87queer148quench46quest46questionaire38quiver28quota135Rrracket160racket260radiant126radiate126radius126random60rap60rape123rash60rating125reap6reassure150rebellion33rebuke93recede5recipe45recipient22reciprocal24recite140reckless44reclaim120reconcile45reconciliation114rectangular52rectify45recur99recycle140redundant108reel6referee6refrain124refreshment44refuge44refund111refute93regime6regiment46rehearsal104reign124rein124rejoice146relay119reliance139relish44remainder119remnant44renaissance119repay114repel31repertoire45repression44reproach134resemblance43resent43reside141residential36resultant112retention34retort82retrieve8retrospect46revelation121revenge40revive140revolve76rig25rigorous27rim25rip25ritual27rivalry142robust106romance53rot78rotary134royalty146rupture113Sssacred123safeguard122salute89salvation122saturate58savage58scar64scent41scorn83scramble60scrap60scrub113scrutiny92sculpture108seam5seemingly6segregate43sensation122sentiment42sergeant66serial147setback41shabby58shaft66shark66shatter59shepherd43shipment24shove112shrewd91shrub113shutter112shuttle112siege6sieve22signify23silicon23simulate24simultaneous116sip22situated24skeleton37skeptical37skip15skull108slack55slash56slaughter85slick19slogan131slot74slum109smuggle109snack54snatch54sneak3sniff18sober132sociology67solicitor21solidarity52solitary77solo133soluble77sovereign76spacious115sparkle64specification117spectacle32spectator116spectrum32spice136spine136spiral137splash56sponge105spontaneous116spouse143sprinkle27spy136squad79stab50stability11stabilize(\|ise)117stagger51staircase149stalk82stall82startle64statesman116stationary117statistics12stereo35stereotype35stern197stern297stimulus13stitch12straightforward86strand62stray127streak8streamline8stride142strive142stroll135stubborn107stumble107stump107stun107sturdy98subjective47submarine111subordinate82subscribe142subsidiary24subsidy111subtle111successor41sue92suffice139sulfur111summon111superintendent34superiority68supersonic95supervise95supplementary38suppress44surge103surgeon104surpass63susceptible42suspension32suspicious11swamp79swap79symmetry23symphony23symposium129syndrome23synthesis24Tttablet51tack50tan51tangle51tanker51tease2telecommunication117temperament35tempo33tenant34tentative34terminate98terrace34terrain34terrific27terrify35testify34testimony35texture34theft40thereafter63thermal103thesis4thigh140thorn86threshold44thrill26throne134tick11tickle12tile137tilt12timely137timid12tiresome137toad129token130tolerant69toll1129toll2129toss69tow129toxic69tract62trademark127tragic62trait127transaction58transcend41transient62transistor22transit62transition23transplant62traverse62trench47tribe142tribute29trifle142trigger28triple28trivial28tub106tuck106tug107tuition9tumble107turbulent99turnover98Uuultraviolet105unanimous54underestimate105underlying139undermine138unemployment145unfold132unify96update117upgrade105uphold133Vvvalve58vegetation116veil121vein121velocity76velvet40vent40ventilate40verbal102verdict102verge101versatile103verse101versus102veto4vicinity23vicious22virgin102visa4visualize(\|ise)22vocal132vocational118void146vulgar111vulnerable111Wwwallet79ward87wardrobe87warehouse150warfare87warrant79watertight87watt79weary148web46wedge46weird148whirl104withhold133wrench44wretched45wrinkle26Yyyacht80yell46yoke134Zzzinc24ⅩⅥⅩⅦⅩⅧⅩⅨⅩⅩⅩⅪⅩⅫⅩⅩⅢⅩⅩⅣ