Contents
List of Contributors
1 Introduction
M. Sharples
1.1 The Collaborative Tradition
1.2 New Ways of Working Together
1.3 Grand PIans or Small Tools
2 Research Issues in the Study of Computer Supported
Collaborative Writing
M. Sharples, J.S. Goodlet, E.E. Beck, C.C. Wood,
S.M. Easterbrook and L. Plowman
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background
2.3 Writing and Group Working
2.3.1 Single-Author Writing
2.3.2 Small-Group Working
2.3.3 Collaborative Writing
2.4 Research Issues
2.5 Task Issues
2.5.1 Strategies for Partihoning and Coordination
2.5.2 Interleaving Tasks
2.6 Group Issues
2.6.1 Substitutability and Interdependence
Between Group Members
2.6.2 Roles
2.6.3 Management of Conflict
2.6.4 Sub-Groups
2.7 Communication Issues
2.7.1 Identifying the Purpose of a Communicated Representation
2.7.2 Communication in Context
2.8 Reviewing Designs for a Synchronous-Asynchronous
Group Editing Environment
V.C.Miles,J.C.McCathy,A.J.Dix,M.D.Harrison and
A.F.Monk
2.9 A Case Study in Task Analysis for the Design of a
Collaborative Document Production System
I.Denley,A.Whitefield and J.may
2.10 MILO:A Computer-Based Tools for (Co-) Authring
Structured Documents
S.Jones
REfernce
Subject Index
Name Index
List of Contributors
1 Introduction
M. Sharples
1.1 The Collaborative Tradition
1.2 New Ways of Working Together
1.3 Grand Plans or Small Tools
2 Research Issues in the Study of Computer Supported :
Collaborative Writing
M. Sharples, J.S. Goodlet, E.E. Beck, C.C. Wood,
S.M. Easterbrook and L. Plowman
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background
2.3 Writing and Group Working
2.3.1 Single-Author Writing
2.3.2 Small-Group Working
2.3.3 Collaborative Writing
2.4 Research Issues
2.5 Task Issues
2.5.1 Strategies for Partitioning and Coordination
2.5.2 Interleaving Tasks
2.6 Group Issues
2.6.1 Substitutability and Interdependence
Between Group Members
2.6.2 Roles
2.6.3 Management of Conflict
2.6.4 Sub-Groups
2.7 Conmmunication Issues
2.7.1 Identifying the Purpose of a Communicated
Representation
2.7.2 Communication in Context
2.7.3 Deindividuation and Media Effects
2.7.4 Structured Commnunication
2.8 Extemal Representation Issues
2.8.1 What To Represent?
2.8.2 Constraints
2.8.3 Communication of Representations
2.8.4 Effects of Media on Representations
2.8.5 Version Management
2.9 Conclusion
3 Social Writing: Premises and Practices in Computerized
Contexts
R. Newman and J. Newman
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Background
3.2.1 Perspectives
3.2.2 Technology
3.3 CaseStudies
3.3.1 CaseStudy 1:ASpecification
3.3.2 Case Study 2: A Document to Support
Budget Allocation Dedsions
3.4 Condusions
4 Computer Networking for Development of Distance
Education Courses
A.R. Kaye
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Issues in Course Team Collaboration
4.2.1 Models of Course Development
4.2.2 Course Team Work: An Instrumental Perspective
4.2.3 Course Team Work: What it's Really Like
4.3 Technology Support for Course Team Work
4.3.1 Networked Groupware
4.3.2 Three Success Stories
4.3.3 Factors Affecting Successful
Implementation
4.4 Conclusion
5 How Collaborative is Collaborative Writing?
An Analysis of the Production of Two Technical Reports
A. Dillon
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background and Method
5.3 Document1:TheConsultancyReport
5.3.1 Authors
5.3.2 Document and Fadlities
5.3.3 Design and Procedure
5.3.4 Results for Document 1
5.4 Document 2: The Project Document
5.4.1 Authors
5.4.2 Document and Fadlities
5.4.3 Design and Procedure
5.4.4 Results for Document 2
5.5 General Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
6 A Survey of Experiences of Collaborative Writing
E.E. Beck
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Method
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Document
6.3.2 Organization of Work
6.3.3 Group
6.3.4 Orientation
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Results
6.4.2 Coverage
7 Multimedia Conferencing as a Tool for Collaborative
Writing: A Case Study
S. Baydere, T. Casey, S. Chuang, M. Handley, N. Ismail and
A. Sasse
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Collaborative Writing
7.1.2 Multimedia Conferendng
7.1.3 Collaborative Writing with Multimedia
Conferendng Support
7.1.4 CaseStudy
7.2 Supporting Mechanism
7.2.1 CAR Multimedia Conferendng System
7.2.2 Electronic Mail
7.2.3 Shared Filestore
7.2.4 Consistency and Concurrency Control
7.3 Document Evolution
7.3.1 Generating Ideas
7.3.2 Managing the Development
7.3.3 Review and Commenting
7.3.4 Integration
7.3.5 Decision Making and Conflict Resolution
7.4 Assessment and Evaluation
7.4.1 Using Synchronous and Asynchronous Modes
of Communication
7.4.2 SCCS
7.4.3 Sharing Applications
7.5 Conclusions
8 Reviewing Designs for a Synchronous-Asynchronous
Group Editing Environment
V.C. Miles, J.C. McCarthy, A.J. Dix, M.D. Harrison and
A.F. Monk
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Cooperative Work
8.2.1 Direct Communication
8.2.2 Shared Artefacts
8.2.3 Broad-Based Requirements
8.3 Issues in Computer Support for Direct Communication
8.3.1 Some Ideas for Conversation Space Design
8.4 Issues in Shared Editor Design
8.4.1 Some Ideas for Shared Editor Design
8.5 Design Ideas for Integrating Conversation Spaces and
Shared Editor
8.5.1 Establishing Referential Identity
8.5.2 Providing a "Global" Conversation Space
8.5.3 Playback Facilities
8.6 Discussion
9 A Case Study in Task Analysis for the Design of a
Collaborative Document Production System
J. Denley, A. Whitefield and J. May
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Context of the Design
9.2.1 IBC and End-User Service Integration
9.2.2 Reasons for Undertaking the Design
9.2.3 The Selection of the Application
9.3 The Task Analysis Concepts
9.4 A Task Analysis of Multi-Author Multimedia Document
Production
9.4.1 Task Observations
9.4.2 The Task Analysis
9.4.3 A Spedfic Instantiation of the Scenario
9.5 Discussion
9.5.1 The Final Design
9.5.2 Concluding Comments Conceming the
Task Analysis
10 MILO: A Computer-Based Tool for (Co-)Authoring
Structured Documents
S. Jones
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Designing Systems for Use Now
10.3 Introducing MILO
10.3.1 Related Systems
10.3.2 Notes
10.3.3 Creating Documents
10.3.4 Amending MILO Documents..
10.3.5 Collaboration
10.3.6 Communicating via MILO
10.3.7 Viewing MILO Documents
10.4 Observations hbm Use of MILO
10.5 Future Work
10.6 Implementation
10.7 Sununary
References
Subject Index
Name Index
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