Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Who Should Read This Book
Organization
Typographic Conventions
A Note on Trademarks and Standards
PART I TCP/IP and IP Multicasting Fundamentals
CHAPTER 1 The Topology and Internal Structure of a Network
Some Basics
Local Area Networks
Wide Area Networks
Metropolitan Area Networks
The Internet
Virtual Private Networks or Extranets
Intranets
A Basic Network
A Network and its Topology
A Network and its Protocol Stack
IP Addressing Summary
General I Pv4 Addressing Architecture
IP Subnetting
ARP Protocol
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Network Components
CHAPTER 2 Introducing the Network Infrastructure
An Overview of Backbone LANs and WANs
Transport Technologies
Switching Techniques
Campus and LAN Infrastructures
Ethernet Technologies
Token Ring
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Comparison of Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI
Backbone WAN Infrastructure
Satellite
Switched Mulfimegabit Data Service
Frame Relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Comparison of Packet Switching Technologies
Integrated Services Digital Network
Operation
Custom ISDN and National ISDN
Connections
CHAPTER 3 ATM's Role in Multicasting
Describing ATM Services and Support
Connection-Oriented Support
Integrated Services Support
Quality-of-Service Support
Summary
ATM Networking
The End-to-end ATM Model
The ATM Desktop Model
The Campus Backbone Model
The WAN Model
ATM Carrier Model
IP Over ATM Requirements
ATM Network Services
ATM Client/Server Accessibility
ATM CIP Services
The Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)
ATM Forum Multiprotocol Over ATM (MPOA)
IP Switching and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Summary
What's Next
CHAPTER 4 Muiticasting Overview
Introducing Multicasting
Transmission Types
Summary of Multicast Operation
IP Mulficasting Uses and Benefits
Reducing Network Load
Uses
IP Multicasting within Workgroups
Benefits Check List
Introducing the Multicast Backbone
Understanding Multicasting Capabilities
Multicasting Capabilities on the Host
Multicasting Capabilities on Routers
Mulficast Routing in the Internet Protocol
Considerations When Adding Multicast Support to the IP Layer
IP Multicast-Enabled Application Development
Multimedia Applications
Information Distribution Applications
Evaluation and Implementation
Recommendations From the IP Mulficast Initiative
After Deciding to Implement IP Multicasfing
A Checklist for Deploying IP Multicasting
The IP Multicast Initiative
Security and IP Multicasting
Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6 Multicast Addressing
CHAPTER 5 Multicast Operation
A Quick Description
Multcast Requirements
Industry Needs
Network Requirements to Support Multicasting
IPv4 Multicast Addressing
IPv4 Addressing Architecture
Impact of Multicast Addressing
Class D Address Format
Layer 3-to-Layer 2 Translation
Transmission and Delivery of Multicast Datagrams
IPv6 Multicast Addressing
Non-Permancntly and Permanently Assigned Multicast Addresscs
Predefincd WcU-Known Multcast Addresses
Building a Multicast Group
Overview of Multicast Forwarding Methods
Source-Rooted Tree Protocols
Shared Trees
Time-to-Live Setting
Role of Quality of Service and the Resource Reservation Protocol
Quality. of Service
Integrated Services
CHAPTER 6 Under the Hood of IP Multicasting Protocols
Host Extensions for IP Multicasting
Introduction
Conformance
Host Group Addressing Issues
Sample Host IP Multicast Implementation
Sending Multicast IP Datagrams
Receiving Multicast IP Datagrams
Internet Group Management Protocol Basic Operation
IGMP Messages
IGMP Operation
Compatibility. with IGMPv1 Routers
Compatibility. with IGMPv1 Hosts
IGMP Version 3 in Progress
Host State Diagram
Events That Cause a Host State Transition
Responses to Events Causing a Host State Transition
Router State Diagrams
Router States With Respect to Any Single Attached Network
Router State with Respect to an IP Multicast Group on Any Single Attached Network
List of Timers and Default Values
CHAPTER 7 Multicast Routing Concepts and Algorithms
Introduction to Routing in an IP Environment
IP Routing
Routing Protocols
Routing Protocol Metrics
Mulficast Routing
Multicast Routing Choices
Routing Standards
Basic Approaches to IP Multicast Routing
Multicast Algorithms
Flooding
Spanning Trees
Reverse-Path Broadcasting
Truncated Reverse-Path Broadcasting
Reverse-Path Multicasting (RPM)
Shortest-Path Trees
Core-Based Trees
CHAPTER 8 Multicast Routing Protocols
Group Membership Protocol
Sparse-Mode Multicast Routing
Dense-Mode Multicast Routing
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
Multicast Open Shortest-Path First
Protocol-Independent Multicast Protocols
PIM Operation
Protocol-Independent Multicast-Dense Mode
Protocol-Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode
Core-Based Trees (CBT)
CHAPTER 9 Implementing IP Muiticasting
Reliability Issues
Joining and Leaving a Group
Join-and Leave-Group Operations
Join and Leave Group Actions
IP Tunnels and Multicasting
Truncated and Pruned Tunneling
Sending Datagrams Over Tunnels
Things to Note About Tunnels
Multicasting Methods
IPv4 Option for Sender-Directed Multidestination Delivery
Mulficast Transport Protocol (MTP)
MARS-Based ATM Multicasting
CLNP Multicasting
Alternative Types of Network Architectures
Frame Relay
Switched Multimegabit Data Service
Satellite Networks
Multicasting and the Internet, Campus and LAN Infrastructures
Integrated Services Digital Network
CHAPTER 10 IP Multicasting Challenges
Multicasting Problems
Lack of Support
Interaction with Firewalling Strategies
Quality. of Service
Putting Multicasting to Work
A Word About Mbone
The Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP)
The Future of IP Multicasting
PART II The Mbone and Other Multicast Networks
CHAPTER 11 An Overview of Asynchronous Transfer Mode Technology
ATM Technical Specifications
ATM's Mission: the Delivery of Multimedia Services
ATM Network Design and Solutions
ATM Network Client Models
ATM is Connection-Oriented
Basic Understanding of ATM Networks
CHAPTER 12 Understanding Mbone
Mbone Background
Mbone Fundamentals
Multicasting a Conference on Mbone
Configuration Checklist
Security: Mbone and Firewalls
CHAPTER 13 Higher-Level Protocols Used with IP Multicast
Real-time Transport Protocol
Real-time Control Protocol
Real-time Streaming Protocol
Properties of RTSP
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
Understanding RSVP
RSVP Challenges
Reliable Mulficasfing
Application and Network Characteristics Affecting Reliable Mulficasting
Problems for Reliable Multicast Error Detection
Reliable Multicast Protocols
Multicast Implementation Study (MIST)
Reliable Multicasting Protocol
RMP Major Features
RMP Status
Reliable Mulficast Framework Protocol (RMF)
Reliable Adaptive Multicast Protocol (RAMP)
RAMP Features
RAMP Operating Modes
Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP)
How e-cast Reliable Multicast FTP Works
Advantages of e-cast RMFTP Over Multiple Unicast
CU-SeeMe
CHAPTER 14 Writing IP Multicast-Enabled Applications
Applications That Can Benefit From Multicast
Design Considerations
Implementing Multicast-Enabled Applications
Defining Network Layer Parameters
Sending and ReceMng Data from Multicast Groups
Multicast Groups and Addresses
Time-To-Live (TTL) for Multicast Packets
Sending Multicast Datagrams
Receiving Mulficast Datagrams
An Example of Multicast Programming
Application Requirements
Multicasting and Transport Protocols
Adapting Unicast Datagram Applications To Multicast
Things to Keep in Mind
CHAPTER 15 Standard Multicast Application Programming Interfaces
Typical APIs
Berkeley Sockets Multicast APIs
Windows Sockets Multicast APIs
Open Transport/TCP Multicast APIs
Reliable Mulficast Protocol Application Programming Interface
RMP Fault Detection
Types and Objects
API Limitations
PART III IP Multicasting Applications
CHAPTER 16 Major IP Multicasting Players
The ISPs
MCI Communications Corp
GTE BBN Planet Corp
UUNet Technologies Inc
@Home Network Inc
The Suppliers
Stardust Forums: Managing IP Multicasting Initiative
Novell's Initiative
3Com: Information Bus Publish/Subscribe Model
Lucent Technologies' e-cast Reliable Multicast Software
Microsoft's NetShow
Cisco/Precept Software's IP/TV
Starlight Networks
VDOnet
RealNetworks, Inc./VIVO Software
Laver 3 Switch Vendors
Satellite Providers
Wireless Vendors
CHAPTER 17 IP Multicasting Application Software/Client
EMULive Imaging Corporation's Active Theater
EMULive Server
ICAST Corporation's ICAST Viewer
IVS (INRIA Videoconferencing System)
Fantastic Corporation's MediaSurfer
Microsoft's NetShow Theater Server
Live Networks, Inc.'s Multikit
Precept IP/TV
Intel's Proshare
RealNetworks RealSystems G2
Cabletron's SecureFast SmartSwitch 9000
The SmartSwitch 9000
StarBurst Communications' StarBurst Multicast
University College London's Robust-Audio Tool (RAT)
New Features
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Vic
MMosaic
CHAPTER 18 IP Muitlcastlng Application Software/Server
EMULive Imaging Corporation's EMULive Server
The Fantastic Corp.'s Channel Editing Center (CEC)
ICAST Broadcaster
Microsoft's NetShow Services
Probita's Proclaim Digital Distribution System
Starburst's Streamworks Server
CHAPTER 19 IP Multicasting Content Providers
PointCast Network
Broadcasting Benefits
PointCast: Not a Push Technology. Product
Intranet Broadcast Solution
Kiosk Client
CHAPTER 20 IP Multicasting Middleware Software Products
Overview of StarBurst Multicasting
StarBurst Multicast Sender for Microsoft's SMS
StarBurst's MFTP
StarBurst OmniCast
Benefits
Features
Distributed Architecture
PeerLogic's PIPES1
Understanding PIPES
PIPES Platform and Messaging Communications
Technical Overview
The PIPES Platform API (PAPI)
A PIPES Platform Example
CHAPTER 21 IP Multicasting Network Management Tools
DWTNDA-Dr. Watson, The Network Detective's Assistant
Using Dr. Watson
Network Detective and the Toolbox
Features
FORE Systems' ForeThought
Features
PART IV IP Multicasting Resource Center
CHAPTER 22 Implementing IP Multicast in Different Network Infrastructures
Introduction
Satellite Networks
Mechanisms for Enabling IP Multicast
Special Considerations
Frame Relay Networks
Mechanisms for Enabling IP Multicast
Special Considerations
Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)
Mechanisms for Enabling IP Multicast
Special Considerations
ATM Networks
Mechanisms for Enabling IP Multicast
Special Considerations
The Internet
Mechanisms for Enabling IP Multicast
Campus and Premise LAN Infrastrucntres
Mechanisms for Enabling IP Multicast
Special Considerations
Dial-up Connections
Special Considerations
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
Special Considerations
CHAPTER 23 Writing IP Multlcast-enabled Applications
Applications That Can Benefit from Multicast
Application Requirements for Multicast-Enabling
Adapting Unicast Datagram Applications to Multicast
Standard Multicast APIs
Berkeley Sockets Multicast APIs
Windows Sockets Multicast APIs
Open Transport/TCP Multicast APIs
Multicasting With Care
Port and Address Considerations
Multicast API Limitations
Future Application Needs-Quality of Service
Code Samples
Application Requirements
CHAPTER 24 IP MulUcasUng Switch Equipment
Ascend Technologies
Ascend GRF IP Switch
Dynamic Switch Circuit Routing
ISDN and Videoconferencing
3Com CoreBuilder 3500 Layer 3 High-Function Switch
Cabletron SmartSwitch 9000
HP ProCurve Switch 8000M
APPENDIX A Bibliography
Books
RFCs522
Web
Glossaries
APPENDIX B List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
APPENDIX C Glossary
INDEX
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