下一代光网络：IP智能与光子技术的融合（影印版）

Acknowledgments
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction to Carrier Network Architectures
IP as Unifying Protocol Infrastructure
The Traditional Carrier Network Architecture
Achieving Long-Haul Connectivity with Optical Transmission
Delivering Multiplexed Services
Synchronous Transmission Standards
Building a Complex SONET/SDH Carrier Network
Multiplexing and Framing Standards
Providing Carrier Class Network Availability
Adding Versatility with Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM Reference Model
Introducing Statistical Multiplexing
Transport Multiple Services across a Single Network
AAL1 
AAL2
AAL3
AAL5
ATM Services
Permanent Virtual Connection
Switched Virtual Connection
ATM Virtual Connections
ATM Switching Operation
ATM Addressing
Subnetwork Model of Addressing
NSAP-Format ATM Addresses
ATM Address Common Components
ATM Quality of Service
ATM Signaling and Connection Establishment Overview
Signaling Standards
ATM Connection Establishment Procedure
Connection Request Routing and Negotiation
Providing Internet Services at the IP Layer
Introdusing the IP Layer on Top of the ATM Layer
Using Multiprotocol Label Switching for Delivering IP Services
Scalability Issues of Standard IP Routing Protocols
The Concept of Using Labels as Forwarding Information
MPLS-Based Applications
Next-Generation Carrier Networks
Eliminating Intermediate Layers in the Backbone
IP over ATM over SONET/SDH over WDM
IP over ATM over WDM
IP over SONET/SDH over WDM
IP over WDM
Handling Fiber Capacity Exhaust
Adding Intelligence to the Optical Layer
Summary
Recommended Reading
Chapter 2 Optical Networking Standardization
Standardization Activities and Targets
Activities of the T1 Committee and its T1*1 Subcommittee
Optical Networking Standardization Framework(G.871)
OTN Architecture(G.872)
Layered Structure
OCH Layer Network
Optical Multiplex Section(OMS)Layer Network
Optical Transmission Section(OTS)Layer Network
Interlayer Addaptation
OCH/OMS Adaptation
OMS/OTS Adaptation
Activities of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IEEE)
10-Gbps Ethernet
Resilient Packet Rings
Activities of the Optical Internetworking Forum(OIF)
OIF Mission
Standard Physical Layer Interface
IP-Centric Control and Signaliing for Optical Paths
Optical User-to-Network Interface(O-UNI)
Activities of the IETF
Summary
Recommended Reading
Chapter 3 Optical Networking Technology Fundamentals
Optical Transmission Technologies
Waveloength Division Multiplexing(WDM)
Attenuation
Dispersion
Nonlinear Effects
Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio(OSNR)
Optical Amplifiers
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers(EDFAs)
Praseodynamium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers(PDFAs)
Amplifier Control
DWDM Systems
Wavelength Routers
Electrical Wavelength Routers
Hybrid Wavelength Routers
Optical Wavelength Routers
Data Transmission Technologies
Packet over SONET/SDH(POS)
PPP Encapsulation
Framing
Interface Format
Transmission Rate
Payload Scrambling
PPP over SONET/SDH at OC-192c/STM-64c
Parallel Implementation
Word-Oriented POS Framing
Automatic Protection Switching(APS)
APS Channel Protocol
Cisco's APS Implementation
APS Switchover Process
APS Network Layer Interaction
Dynamic PacketTransport(DPT)
Encapsulation
IP Data Packets
ATM Data Packets
Control Packets
Usage Packets
SRP Physical Layer Implementation
Framing
Interface Format
Transmission Rate
Packet Handling Procedures
Topology Discovery
Packet Processing
Multicasting
Packet Priority
SRP Fairness Algorithm
Intelligent Protection Switching
IPS Messages
IPS Message Handling State Machine
Node Pass-Through Mode
Network Management
Clocking and Synchronization
Data Transmission Technology Comparison
Encapsulation Overhead
Framing Overhead
MPLS Traffic Engineering(MPLS-TE)
MPLS-TE Architecture
Why MPLS-TE
MPLS-TE Components
Defining the Term Traffic Trunk
MPLS-TE Attributes
Trunk Attributes
Bandwidth
Resource Class Affinity
Path Selection Policy
Priority/Preemption
Adaptability
Resilience
Resource Attributes
Available Bandwidth
Resource Class
Administrative Weight
Information Distribution
Bandwidth Accounting
OSPF Extensions
Router Address TLV
Link TLV
IS-IS Extensions
Router ID TLV
Extended IP Reachability TLV
Extended IS Reachability TLV
Path Computation and Selection
LSP Tunnel Setup
LSP Setup Procedure
LSP Setup Request
Admission Control
Explicit Routing
Label Allocation and LSP Establishment
RSVP Extensions
IP Routing using MPLS-TE
MPLS-TE Protection
Path Protection
Restoration Time
Optimizing Path Protection
Link/Node Protection
Network Survivability Principles
Defining Survivability
Survivability Concepts
Protection
Restoration
Protection Techniques
Protection Types
1+1 Protection
1:1 Protection
1:N Protection
Protection Switching Characteristics
Protection in Ring Networks
Two-Fiber UPSR
Two-Fiber Bidirectional Line-Switched Rings(2-Fiber BLSRs)
Four-Fiber Bidirectional Line-Switched Rings(4-Fiber BLSR)
Protection Ring Comparison
MPLS Restoration
Prenegotiated versus Dynamic Protection
End-to-End versus Local Restoration
Protection Switching Options
1+1 Protection
1:N and N:M Protection
Network Survivability Design
Survivability Mechanism Categories
Dedicated Protection
Shared Protection
Restoration
Restoration Time
Survivability Mechanism Comparison
Multilayer Survivability
Survivability Design Trends for Optical Networks
Eliminating SONET/SDH and ATM
Putting Intelligence into the Optical Core
Summary
Recommended Reading
Optical Transmission Technologies
Optical Transmission Systems
Data Transmission Technologies
Packet over SONET/SDH
Dynamic Packet Transport(DPT)
MPLS Traffic Engineering(MPLS-TE)
Network Survivability Principles
Chapter 4 Existing and Future Optical Control Planes
Static IP Optical Overlay Control Plane
Static IP Optical Overlay Model
IP Service Infrastructure
IP/Optical Adaptation
Two-Layer Architecture Implementation
Multiwavelength Transmission
Bandwidth Management
Static Optical Control Plane
IP Service Infrastructure Implementation
Small Point-to-Point Backbones or Backbone Interconnections
Large-Scale Hierarchical Backbones
POP Aggregation
Switched POP Aggregation
Point-to-Point POP Aggregation
DPT Fiber Ring POP Aggregation
Optical Transport Infrastructure Implementation
DWDM System Building Blocks
Transponders
WDM Network Design
Topology
Channel Spacing
Maximum Line Rate
Optical Power Budget
Restoration
Optical Protection
Optical Channel Protection
Optical Multiplex Section Protection
Service Layer Restoration
Automatic Protection Switching
Intelligent Protection Switching
IP Restoration
Application-Based Restoration
Layer 3 Route Convergence
Load balancing
MPLS-TE Fast Reroute
Dynamic IP Optical Overlay Control Plane
Wavelength Routing Overlay Model
Architecture and Elements
Wavelength Routing Control Plane
Lightpath Provisioning
Lightpath Attributes
Centralized Lightpath Routing
Distributed Lightpath Routing
Optical UNI Signaling
Wavelength Conversion
Restoration
Protection Strategy
Prenegotiated Protection
On-Demand Protection
QoS Levels
Advanced Protection Concepts
Local Protection
Hierarchical Protection
Integrated IP Optical Peer Control Plane
Applicability Considerations
Advantages
Comparing WRs and LSRs
Comparing LSPs and Lightpaths
MPLmS Model
Architecture and Elements
MPLmS Control Plane
Lightpath Provisioning
Optical Routing
Topology Discovery
Optical Link State Advertisement
Optical LSA Objects
Constrained-Based Routing
Lightpath(Optical LSP)Signaling
Concept of Nested LSPs
Optical LSP Setup
RSVP Setup Procedure
Optical LSP Setup in an OTN without Wavelength Conversion
LSP Aggregation
Using MPLmSin the Overlay Model
Restoration
Summary
Recommended Reading
Static IP Optical Overlay Control Plane
Dynamic IP Optical Overlay Control Plane
Integrated IP Optical Peer Control Plane
Chapter 5 Optical Networking Applications and Case Examples
Optical End-to-End Networking Design Trands
Service POP
Metro Solutions
IP and Optical Metro Evolution
Core Solutions
IP and Optical Metro Evolution
Core Solutions
Conclustions
Case Example A?Next-Generation Storage Netowrks
Application Requirements
Common Solutions
Case Example B:Next-Generation Internet Service Provider
Application Requirements
Common Solutions
Case Example C:Next-Generation Carrier
Application Requirements
Common Solutions
Summary
Recommended Reading
Glossary
Notes
Index