1BasicConceptsandtheDiscoveryofSolitons
1.1Alookatlinearandnonlinearsignatures
1.2Discoveryofthesolitarywave
1.3Discoveryofthesoliton
1.4Thesolitonconceptinphysics
2LinearWavesinElectricalTransmissionLines
2.1Linearnondispersivewaves
2.2Sinusoidal-wavecharacteristics
2.2.1Waveenergydensityandpower
2.3Thegroup-velocityconcept
2.4Lineardispersivewaves
2.4.1Dispersivetransmissionlines
2.4.2Electricalnetwork
2.4.3Theweaklydispersivelimit
2.5Evolutionofawavepacketenvelope
2.6Dispersion-inducedwavepacketbroadening
Appendix2A.Generalsolutionfortheenvelopeevolution
Appendix2B.EvolutionoftheenvelopeofaGaussianwavepacket
3SolitonsinNonlinearTransmissionLines
3.1Nonlinearanddispersionlesstransmissionlines
3.2Combinedeffectsofdispersionandnonlinearity
3.3Electricalsolitarywavesandpulsesolitons
3.4Laboratoryexperimentsonpulsesolitons
3.4.1Experimentalarrangement
3.4.2Seriesofexperiments
3.5Experimentswithapocketversionoftheelectricalnetwork
3.6Nonlineartransmissionlinesinthemicrowaverange
Appendix3A.Calculationoftheeffectofnonlinearityonwavepropagation
Appendix3B.Derivationofthesolitary-wavesolution
Appendix3C.DerivationoftheKdVequationanditssolitonsolution
Appendix3D.Detailsoftheelectronics:switchdriverandpulsegenerator
4MoreonTransmission-LineSolitons
4.1LatticesolitonsintheelectricalTodanetwork
4.1.1Latticesolitons
4.2Experimentsonlatticesolitons
4.2.1Collisionsoftwolatticesolitonsmovinginoppositedirections
4.2.2TheFermi-Pasta-Utamrecurrencephenomenon
4.3Periodicwavetrainsintransmissionlines
4.3.1Thesolitarywavelimitandsinusoidallimitofthecnoidalwave
4.4Modulatedwavesandthenonlineardispersionrelation
4.5Envelopeandholesolitons
4.5.1Experimentsonenvelopeandholesolitons
4.6Modulationalinstability
4.7Laboratoryexperimentsonmodulationalinstability
4.7.1Modelequations
4.7.2Experiments
4.8Modulationalinstabilityoftwocoupledwaves
Appendix4A.Periodicwavetrainsolutions
Appendix4B.TheJacobiellipticfunctions
4B.1Asymptoticlimits
4B.2Derivativesandintegrals
Appendix4C.Envelopeandholesolitonsolutions
5HydrodynamicSolitons
5.1Equationsforsurfacewaterwaves
5.1.1Reducedfluidequations
5.2Small-amplitudesurfacegravitywaves
5.3Linearshallow-anddeep-waterwaves
5.3.1Shallow-waterwaves
5.3.2Deep-waterwaves
5.4Surface-tensioneffects:capillarywaves
5.5Solitonsinshallowwater
5.6Experimentsonsolitonsinshallowwater
5.6.1Experimentalarrangement
5.6.2Experiments
5.7Stokeswavesandsolitonwavepacketsindeepwater
5.7.1Stokeswaves
5.7.2Solitonwavepackets
5.7.3Experimentsonsolitonsindeepwater
5.8Experimentsonmodulationalinstabilityindeepwater
Appendix5A.Basicequationsoffluidmechanics
5A.1Conservationofmass
5A.2Conservationofmomentum
5A.3Conservationofentropy
Appendix5B.Basicdefinitionsandapproximations
5B.1Streamline
5B.2Irrotationalandincompressibleflow
5B.3Two-dimensionalflow:thestreamfunction
5B.4Boundaryconditions
5B.5Surfacetension
Appendix5C.DerivationoftheKdVequation:theperturbativeapproach
Appendix5D.Derivationofthenonlineardispersionrelation
Appendix5E.Detailsoftheprobesandtheelectronics
6MechanicalSolitons
6.1Anexperimentalmechanicaltransmisssionline
6.1.1Generaldescriptionoftheline
6.1.2Constructionoftheline
6.2Mechanicalkinksolitons
6.2.1Linearwavesinthelow-amplitudelimit
6.2.2Largeamplitudewaves:kinksolitons
6.2.3Lorentzcontractionofthekinksolitons
6.3Particlepropertiesofthekinksolitons
6.4Kink-kinkandkink-antikinkcollisions
6.5Breathersolitons
6.6Experimentsonkinksandbreathers
6.7Helicalwaves,orkinkarray
6.8Dissipativeeffects
6.9Envelopesolitons
6.10Pocketversionofthependulumchain,latticeeffects
Appendix6A.Kinksolitonandantikinksolitonsolutions
Appendix6B.Calculationoftheenergyandthemassofakinksoliton
Appendix6C.Solutionsforkink-kinkandkink-antikinkcollisions,andbreathers
6C.1Kinksolutions
6C.2Kink-kinkcollisions
6C.3Breathersolitons
6C.4Kink-antikinkcollision
Appendix6D.Solutionsforhelicalwaves
7FluxonsinJosephsonTransmissionLines
7.1TheJosephsoneffectinashortjunction
7.1.1ThesmallJosephsonjunction
7.2ThelongJosephsonjunctionasatransmissionline
7.3Dissipativeeffects
7.4Experimentalobservationsoffluxons
7.4.1Indirectobservation
7.4.2Directobservation
7.4.3Latticeeffects
Appendix7A.Josephsonequations
8SolitonsinOpticalFibers
8.1Optical-fibercharacteristics
8.1.1Lineardispersiveeffects
8.1.2Nonlineareffects
8.1.3Effectoflosses
8.2Wave-envelopepropagation
8.3Brightanddarksolitons
8.3.1Brightsolitons
8.3.2Darksolitons
8.4Experimentsonopticalsolitons
8.5Perturbationsandsolitoncommunications
8.5.1Effectoflosses
8.5.2Solitoncommunications
8.6Modulationalinstabilityofcoupledwaves
8.7Alookatquantumopticalsolitons
Appendix8A.Electromagneticequationsinanonlinearmedium
9TheSolitonConceptinLatticeDynamics
9.1Theone-dimensionallatticeinthecontinuumapproximation
9.2Thequasi-continuumapproximationforthemonatomiclattice
9.3TheTodalattice
9.4Envelopesolitonsandlocalizedmodes
9.5Theone-dimensionallatticewithtransversenonlinearmodes
9.6Moticnofdislocationsinaone-dimensionalcrystal
9.7Theone-dimensionallatticemodelforstructuralphasetransitions
9.7.1Theorder-disordertransition
9.7.2Thedisplacivetransition
Appendix9A.Solutionsfortransversedisplacements
Appendix9B.Kinksolitonordomain-wallsolutions
10ALookatSomeRemarkableMathematicalTechniques
10.1Laxequationsandtheinversescatteringtransformmethod
10.1.1TheFourier-transformmethodforlinearequations
10.1.2TheLaxpairfornonlinearevolutionequations
10.2TheKdVequationandthespectralproblem
10.3Timeevolutionofthescatteringdata
10.3.1Discreteeigenvalues
10.3.2Continuousspectrum
10.4Theinversescatteringproblem
10.4.1Discretespectrumonly:solitonsolution
10.5ResponseoftheKdVmodeltoaninitialdisturbance
10.5.1Thedeltafunctionpotential
10.5.2Therectangularpotentialwell
10.5.3Thesech-squaredpotentialwell
10.6TheinversescatteringtransformfortheNLSequation
10.7TheHirotamethodfortheKdVequation
10.8TheHirotamethodfortheNLSequation
References
SubjectIndex