Chapter1Introduction.1
1.1ApplicationsofPowerElectronics1
1.1.1HistoryofPowerElectronics2
1.2PowerSemiconductorDevices5
1.2.1PowerDiodes5
1.2.2Thyristors6
1.2.3PowerTransistors9
1.3ControlCharacteristicsofPowerDevices10
1.4CharacteristicsandSpecificationsofSwitches16
1.4.1IdealCharacteristics16
1.4.2CharacteristicsofPracticalDevices17
1.4.3SwitchSpecifications18
1.4.4DeviceChoices19
1.5TypesofPowerElectronicCircuits20
1.6DesignofPowerElectronicsEquipment23
1.7DeterminingtheRoot-Mean-SquareValuesofWaveforms24
1.8PeripheralEffects24
1.9PowerModules26
1.10IntelligentModules26
1.11PowerElectronicsJournalsandConferences28
Summary29
References29
ReviewQuestions30
Chapter2PowerSemiconductorDiodesandCircuits31
2.1Introduction31
2.2SemiconductorBasics31
2.3DiodeCharacteristics33
2.4ReverseRecoveryCharacteristics35
2.5PowerDiodeTypes38
2.5.1General-PurposeDiodes38
2.5.2Fast-RecoveryDiodes38
2.5.3SchottkyDiodes39
2.6SiliconCarbideDiodes39
2.7SpiceDiodeModel40
2.8Series-ConnectedDiodes42
2.9Parallel-ConnectedDiodes45
2.10DiodeswithRCandRLLoads46
2.11DiodeswithLCandRLCLoads49
2.12FreewheelingDiodes56
2.13RecoveryofTrappedEnergywithaDiode58
Summary62
References63
ReviewQuestions63
Problems64
Chapter3DiodeRectifiers68
3.1Introduction68
3.2Single-PhaseHalf-WaveRectifiers68
3.3PerformanceParameters69
3.4Single-PhaseFull-WaveRectifiers77
3.5Single-PhaseFull-WaveRectifierwithRLLoad82
3.6MultiphaseStarRectifiers87
3.7Three-PhaseBridgeRectifiers92
3.8Three-PhaseBridgeRectifierwithRLLoad95
3.9ComparisonofDiodeRectifiers101
3.10RectifierCircuitDesign101
3.11OutputVoltagewithLCFilter112
3.12EffectsofSourceandLoadInductances116
Summary119
References119
ReviewQuestions119
Problems120
Chapter4PowerTransistors122
4.1Introduction122
4.2BipolarJunctionTransistors123
4.2.1Steady-StateCharacteristics124
4.2.2SwitchingCharacteristics128
4.2.3SwitchingLimits135
4.3PowerMOSFETs137
4.3.1Steady-StateCharacteristics141
4.3.2SwitchingCharacteristics142
4.4COOLMOS144
4.5SITs145
4.6IGBTs147
4.7SeriesandParallelOperation150
4.8di/dtanddv/dtLimitations151
4.9SPICEModels155
4.9.1BJTSPICEModel155
4.9.2MOSFETSPICEModel155
4.9.3IGBTSPICEModel158
4.10ComparisonsofTransistors160
Summary160
References162
ReviewQuestions163
Problems164
Chapter5DC-DCConverters166
5.1Introduction166
5.2PrincipleofStep-DownOperation166
5.2.1GenerationofDutyCycle170
5.3Step-DownConverterwithRLLoad171
5.4PrincipleofStep-UpOperation176
5.5Step-UpConverterwithaResistiveLoad179
5.6PerformanceParameters181
5.7ConverterClassification182
5.8Switching-ModeRegulators186
5.8.1BuckRegulators186
5.8.2BoostRegulators190
5.8.3Buck-BoostRegulators194
5.8.4CtikRegulators198
5.8.5LimitationsofSingle-StageConversion204
5.9ComparisonofRegulators205
5.10MultioutputBoostConverter206
5.11DiodeRectifier-FedBoostConverter208
5.12ChopperCircuitDesign211
5.13State-SpaceAnalysisofRegulators217
Summary221
References221
ReviewQuestions223
Problems224
Chapter6Pulse-Width-ModulatedInverters226
6.1Introduction226
6.2PrincipleofOperation227
6.3PerformanceParameters230
6.4Single-PhaseBridgeInverters232
6.5Three-PhaseInverters237
6.5.1180-DegreeConduction237
6.5.2120-DegreeConduction246
6.6VoltageControlofSingle-PhaseInverters248
6.6.1Single-Pulse-WidthModulation248
6.6.2Multiple-Pulse-WidthModulation250
6.6.3SinusoidalPulse-WidthModulation253
6.6.4ModifiedSinusoidalPulse-WidthModulation257
6.6.5Phase-DisplacementControl258
6.7AdvancedModulationTechniques260
6.8VoltageControlofThree-PhaseInverters264
6.8.1SinusoidalPWM265
6.8.260-DegreePWM268
6.8.3Third-HarmonicPWM268
6.8.4SpaceVectorModulation271
6.8.5ComparisonofPWMTechniques279
6.9HarmonicReductions280
6.10Current-SourceInverters285
6.11VariableDC-LinkInverter288
6.12BoostInverter289
6.13InverterCircuitDesign294
Summary299
References299
ReviewQuestions300
Problems301
Chapter7Thyristors304
7.1Introduction304
7.2ThyristorCharacteristics304
7.3Two-TransistorModelofThyristor307
7.4ThyristorTurn-On309
7.5ThyristorTurn-Off311
7.6ThyristorTypes313
7.6.1Phase-ControlledThyristors314
7.6.2BCTs314
7.6.3Fast-SwitchingThyristors315
7.6.4LASCRs316
7.6.5BidirectionalTriodeThyristors316
7.6.6RCTs317
7.6.7GTOs318
7.6.8FET-CTHs322
7.6.9MTOs323
7.6.10ETOs323
7.6.11IGCTs324
7.6.12MCTs325
7.6.13SITHs328
7.6.14ComparisonsofThyristors330
7.7SeriesOperationofThyristors330
7.8ParallelOperationofThyristors337
7.9di/dtProtection338
7.10dv/dtProtection339
7.11SPICEThyristorModel341
7.11.1ThyristorSPICEModel341
7.11.2GTOSPICEModel343
7.11.3MCTSPICEModel345
7.11.4SITHSPICEModel345
Summary346
References347
ReviewQuestions350
Problems350
Chapter8ResonantPulseInverters352
8.1Introduction352
8.2SeriesResonantInverters353
8.2.1SeriesResonantInverterswithUnidirectionalSwitches353
8.2.2SeriesResonantInverterswithBidirectionalSwitches361
8.3FrequencyResponseofSeries-ResonantInverters368
8.3.1FrequencyResponseforSeriesLoaded368
8.3.2FrequencyResponseforParallelLoaded370
8.3.3FrequencyResponseforSeries-ParallelLoaded372
8.4ParallelResonantInverters374
8.5VoltageControlofResonantInverters377
8.6ClassEResonantInverter380
8.7ClassEResonantRectifier383
8.8Zero-Current-SwitchingResonantConverters388
8.8.1L-TypeZCSResonantConverter389
8.8.2M-TypeZCSResonantConverter391
8.9Zero-Voltage-SwitchingResonantConverters393
8.10ComparisonsBetweenZCSandZVSResonantConverters396
8.11Two-QuadrantZVSResonantConverters396
8.12ResonantDC-LinkInverters399
Summary402
References403
ReviewQuestions403
Problems404
Chapter9MultilevelInverters406
9.1Introduction406
9.2MultilevelConcept407
9.3TypesofMultilevelInverters408
9.4Diode-ClampedMultilevelInverter409
9.4.1PrincipleofOperation410
9.4.2FeaturesofDiode-ClampedInverter411
9.4.3ImprovedDiode-ClampedInverter412
9.5Flying-CapacitorsMultilevelInverter414
9.5.1PrincipleofOperation415
9.5.2FeaturesofFlying-CapacitorsInverter417
9.6CascadedMultilevelInverter417
9.6.1PrincipleofOperation418
9.6.2FeaturesofCascadedInverter419
9.7Applications..421
9.7.1ReactivePowerCompensation422
9.7.2Back-to-BackIntertie423
9.7.3AdjustableSpeedDrives424
9.8SwitchingDeviceCurrents424
9.9DC-LinkCapacitorVoltageBalancing425
9.10FeaturesofMultilevelInverters427
9.11ComparisonsofMultilevelConverters428
Summary428
References429
ReviewQuestions430
Problems430
Chapter10ControlledRectifiers431
10.1Introduction431
10.2PrincipleofPhase-ControlledConverterOperation432
10.3Single-PhaseFullConverters434
10.3.1Single-PhaseFullConverterwithRLLoad438
10.4Single-PhaseDualConverters440
10.5PrincipleofThree-PhaseHalf-WaveConverters443
10.6Three-PhaseFullConverters447
10.6.1Three-PhaseFullConverterwithRLLoad451
10.7Three-PhaseDualConverters453
10.8PowerFactorImprovements456
10.8.1ExtinctionAngleControl456
10.8.2SymmetricAngleControl457
10.8.3PWMControl461
10.8.4Single-PhaseSinusoidalPWM463
10.8.5Three-PhasePWMRectifier465
10.9Single-PhaseSemiconverters467
10.9.1Single-PhaseSemiconverterwithRLLoad472
10.10Three-PhaseSemiconverters474
10.10.1Three-PhaseSemiconverterswithRLLoad479
10.11Single-PhaseSeriesConverters480
10.12Twelve-PulseConverters485
10.13DesignofConverterCircuits487
10.14EffectsofLoadandSourceInductances492
Summary494
References495
ReviewQuestions496
Problems4'97
Chapter11ACVoltageControllers500
11.1Introduction500
11.2PrincipleofOn-OffControl501
11.3PrincipleofPhaseControl503
11.4Single-PhaseBidirectionalControllerswithResistiveLoads506
11.5Single-PhaseControllerswithInductiveLoads509
11.6Three-PhaseFull-WaveControllers514
11.7Three-PhaseBidirectionalDelta-ConnectedControllers518
11.8Single-PhaseTransformerConnectionChangers522
11.9Cycloconverters526
11.9.1Single-PhaseCycloconverters527
11.9.2Three-PhaseCycloconverters530
11.9.3ReductionofOutputHarmonics530
11.10ACVoltageControllerswithPWMControl534
11.11MatrixConverter536
11.12DesignofACVoltage-ControllerCircuits537
11.13EffectsofSourceandLoadInductances545
Summary546
References547
ReviewQuestions547
Problems548
Chapter12StaticSwitches551
12.1Introduction551
12.2Single-PhaseACSwitches551
12.3Three-PhaseACSwitches554
12.4Three-PhaseReversingSwitches554
12.5ACSwitchesforBusTransfer556
12.6DCSwitches557
12.7Solid-StateRelays561
12.8MicroelectronicRelays563
12.8.1PhotovoltaicRelay563
12.8.2PhotovoltaicIsolators565
12.9DesignofStaticSwitches566
Summary567
References567
ReviewQuestions568
Problem568
Chapter13FlexibleACTransmissionSystems570
13.1Introduction570
13.2PrincipleofPowerTransmission571
13.3PrincipleofShuntCompensation573
13.4ShuntCompensators575
13.4.1Thyristor-ControlledReactor575
13.4.2Thyristor-SwitchedCapacitor577
13.4.3StaticVARCompensator580
13.4.4AdvancedStaticVARCompensator581
13.5PrincipleofSeriesCompensation582
13.6SeriesCompensators585
13.6.1Thyristor-SwitchedSeriesCapacitor585
13.6.2Thyristor-ControlledSeriesCapacitor586
13.6.3Forced-Commutation-ControlledSeriesCapacitor587
13.6.4SeriesStaticVARCompensator589
13.6.5AdvancedSSVC589
13.7PrincipleofPhase-AngleCompensation592
13.8Phase-AngleCompensator594
13.9UnifiedPowerFlowController596
13.10ComparisonsofCompensators597
Summary598
References598
ReviewQuestions599
Problems599
Chapter14PowerSupplies601
14.1Introduction601
14.2DCPowerSupplies602
14.2.1Switched-ModeDCPowerSupplies602
14.2.2FlybackConverter602
14.2.3ForwardConverter606
14.2.4Push-PullConverter611
14.2.5Half-BridgeConverter613
14.2.6Full-BridgeConverter616
14.2.7ResonantDCPowerSupplies619
14.2.8BidirectionalPowerSupplies619
14.3ACPowerSupplies621
14.3.1Switched-ModeACPowerSupplies623
14.3.2ResonantACPowerSupplies623
14.3.3BidirectionalACPowerSupplies624
14.4MultistageConversions625
14.5ControlCircuits626
14.6MagneticDesignConsiderations630
14.6.1TransformerDesign630
14.6.2DCInductor634
14.6.3MagneticSaturation635
Summary636
References636
ReviewQuestions637
Problems637
Chapter15DCDrives640
15.1Introduction640
15.2BasicCharacteristicsofDCMotors641
15.3OperatingModes645
15.4Single-PhaseDrives648
15.4.1Single-PhaseHalf-Wave-ConverterDrives649
15.4.2Single-PhaseSemiconverterDrives650
15.4.3Single-PhaseFull-ConverterDrives651
15.4.4Single-PhaseDual-ConverterDrives652
15.5Three-PhaseDrives656
15.5.1Three-PhaseHalf-Wave-ConverterDrives657
15.5.2Three-PhaseSemiconverterDrives657
15.5.3Three-PhaseFull-ConverterDrives657
15.5.4Three-PhaseDual-ConverterDrives658
15.6DC-DCConverterDrives662
15.6.1PrincipleofPowerControl662
15.6.2PrincipleofRegenerativeBrakeControl664
15.6.3PrincipleofRheostaticBrakeControl667
15.6.4PrincipleofCombinedRegenerativeandRheostaticBrakeControl668
15.6.5Two-andFour-QuadrantDC-DCConverterDrives669
15.6.6MultiphaseDC-DCConverters670
15.7Closed-LoopControlofDCDrives673
15.7.1Open-LoopTransferFunction673
15.7.2Closed-LoopTransferFunction678
15.7.3Phase-Locked-LoopControl684
15.7.4MicrocomputerControlofDCDrives685
Summary687
References687
ReviewQuestions688
Problems688
Chapter16ACDrives692
16.1Introduction692
16.2InductionMotorDrives693
16.2.1PerformanceCharacteristics694
16.2.2StatorVoltageControl701
16.2.3RotorVoltageControl703
16.2.4FrequencyControl711
16.2.5VoltageandFrequencyControl713
16.2.6CurrentControl716
16.2.7Voltage,Current,andFrequencyControl720
16.3Closed-LoopControlofInductionMotors721
16.4VectorControls726
16.4.1BasicPrincipleofVectorControl727
16.4.2DirectandQuadrature-AxisTransformation728
16.4.3IndirectVectorControl734
16.4.4DirectorVectorControl736
16.5SynchronousMotorDrives738
16.5.1CylindricalRotorMotors738
16.5.2Salient-PoleMotors741
16.5.3ReluctanceMotors743
16.5.4Permanent-MagnetMotors743
16.5.5SwitchedReluctanceMotors744
16.5.6Closed-LoopControlofSynchronousMotors745
16.5.7BrushlessDCandACMotorDrives747
16.6StepperMotorControl749
16.6.1Variable-ReluctanceStepperMotors750
16.6.2Permanent-MagnetStepperMotors753
Summary756
References756
ReviewQuestions757
Problems758
Chapter17GateDriveCircuits761
17.1Introduction761
17.2MOSFETGateDrive761
17.3BJTBaseDrive763
17.4IsolationofGateandBaseDrives767
17.4.1PulseTransformers769
17.4.2Optocouplers769
17.5ThyristorFiringCircuits770
17.6UnijunctionTransistor772
17.7ProgrammableUnijunctionTransistor775
17.8ThyristorConverterGatingCircuits777
17.9GateDriveICs777
17.9.1DriveICforConverters781
17.9.2High-VoltageICforMotorDrives784
Summary788
References789
ReviewQuestions789
Problems790
Chapter18ProtectionofDevicesandCircuits791
18.1Introduction791
18.2CoolingandHeatSinks791
18.3ThermalModelingofPowerSwitchingDevices797
18.3.1ElectricalEquivalentThermalModel798
18.3.2MathematicalThermalEquivalentCircuit800
18.3.3CouplingofElectricalandThermalComponents801
18.4SnubberCircuits803
18.5ReverseRecoveryTransients804
18.6Supply-andLoad-SideTransients810
18.7VoltageProtectionbySeleniumDiodesandMetaloxideVaristors813
18.8CurrentProtections815
18.8.1Fusing815
18.8.2FaultCurrentwithACSource822
18.8.3FaultCurrentwithDCSource824
18.9ElectromagneticInterference827
18.9.1SourcesofEMI828
18.9.2MinimizingEMIGeneration828
18.9.3EMIShielding829
18.9.4EMIStandards829
Summary830
References831
ReviewQuestions831
Problems832
AppendixAThree-PhaseCircuits835
AppendixBMagneticCircuits839
AppendixCSwitchingFunctionsofConverters847
AppendixDDCTransientAnalysis853
AppendixEFourierAnalysis857
Bibliography860
AnswerstoSelectedProblems863
Index873
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