Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Background of the Present Study
1.2 Objective of the Present Study
1.3 Data Collection of the Present Study
1.4 Organization of the Present Study
Chapter Two Description and Characterization of Idioms
2.1 Describing Idioms
2.1.1 Formation of Idioms
2.1.2 Types of Idiom Collections
2.1.3 Relationship : Idioms & Words
2.1.4 Relationships : Idioms & Other Fixed Expressions
2.2 Characterizing Idioms
2.2.1 Distinct Properties
2.2.2 General Delineation
Chapter Three Idiom Studies: Different Approaches
3.1 Formal Approaches
3.1.1 Brace Fraser (1970)
3.1.2 Adam Makkai (1972)
3.1.3 Rosamund Moon (1998)
3.2 Functional Approaches
3.2.1 Jury Strassler (1982)
3.2.2 Cristina Cacciari & Sam Glucksberg(1991, 1993)
3.2.3 Chitra Fernando (1996)
3.2.4 Rachel Giora (1997)
3.2.5 Rosa Elena Vega-Moreno (2001)
3.3 Psycholinguistic Approaches
3.3.1 S. Bobrow&S. Bell (1973)
3.3.2 D. A. Swinney & A. Cutler (1979)
3.3.3 Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. (1980)
3.3.4 C. Cacciari & P. Tabossi (1988)
3.3.5 R.W. Gibbs, Jr. &N. P. Nayak (1989)
3.3.6 R. W. Gibbs, Jr. et al. (1990-1995)
Chapter Four Flexibility & Productivity of Idioms
4.1 Lexical Flexibility
4.1.1 Structural Variety
4.1.2 Variation Generation
4.1.3 Variation Patterns
4.1.3.1 Verb Variation
4.1.3.2 Noun Variation
4.1.3.3 Modifier Variation
4.1.3.4 Miscellaneous Variation
4.1.3.5 Variation between American andBritish English
4.1.3.6 False Variation
4.1.4 Regularity of Variation
4.1.5 Variation Constraint & Comprehension
4.1.6 Case Study : Relevance-Driven Variation Comprehension
4.2 Syntactic Versatility
4.2.1 Nominalization
4.2.2 Pronominalization
4.2.3 Passivization
4.2.4 Topicalization
4.2.5 Modification by Relative Clauses
4.2.6 There Construction
4.2.7 Comparative Construction
4.2.8 Other Transformations
4.2.9 Nonce Uses of Idioms
Chapter Five A Holistic Approach to English Idioms
5.1 Developing Pragmatic Competence
5.2 Developing Figurative Competence
5.3 Developing Sociocultural Competence
5.4 Integrating Processing Strategies
Chapter Six Conclusions
6.1 Representation of Idioms
6.2 Enlightenment from Previous Studies
6.3 Compositionality and Flexibility
6.4 Pedagogical Implications
6.5 Suggestions for Further Exploration
References
Appendix Ⅰ List of Dictionaries Consulted
Appendix Ⅱ Tentative Classification of Fixed Expressions in English Lexicon
Appendix Ⅲ Figurative Patterns Underlying Current English Idioms
Appendix Ⅳ English Idioms with Respect to Fraser's Frozen Hierarchy
Appendix Ⅴ Makkai's Categorization of Idioms
Appendix Ⅶ Femando's Categorization of English Idioms
Appendix Ⅷ Representative Examples of Conceptual Metaphors
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