Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The development of organic chemistry 1.2 The structural theory of organic chemistry 1.3 Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases 1.4 Lewis acids and bases 1.5 Function groups and classify of organic chemical compounds 1.6 How to learn organic chemistry 1.7 Linus Pauling ProblemsChapter 2 Alkanes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Nomenclature of alkanes 2.3 Structure and conformations of alkanes 2.4 Physical properties of alkanes 2.5 Chemical properties of alkanes 2.6 Occurrence and uses ofalkanes 2.7 Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff ProblemsChapter 3 Alkenes 3.1 Structure of alkenes and cis-trans isomerism of alkenes 3.2 Nomenclature of alkenes 3.3 Physical properties of alkenes 3.4 Preparation and uses of alkenes 3.5 Chemical properties of alkenes 3.6 Polymer and plastics ProblemsChapter 4 Dienes and Conjugation 4.1 Nomenclature of dienes 4.2 Structure and stability of conjugated dienes 4.3 Chemical properties of conjugated dienes 4.4 Rubber 4.5 Otto Paul Hermann Diels 4.6 Kurt Alder ProblemsChapter 5 Cyeloalkanes 5.1 Nomenclature ofcycloalkanes 5.2 Stabilities of cycloalkanes 5.3 Structures and conformation ofcyeloalkanes 5.4 Chemical properties ofcycloalkanes ProblemsChapter 6 Alkynes 6.1 Structure of alkynes 6.2 Nomenclature of alkynes 6.3 Physical properties of alkynes 6.4 Preparation and uses of alkynes 6.5 Chemical properties ofalkynes ProblemsChapter 7 Stereoehemistry 7.1 Plane-polarized light and optical activity 7.2 Enantiomers and chirality 7.3 Fischer projections 7.4 Configuration, representation and nomenclature of steroisomers 7.5 Diastereomers 7.6 Chirality and molecular dissymmetry 7.7 The resolution of a racemic mixture 7.8 Asymmetric synthesis ProblemsChapter 8 Alkyl Halites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Nomenclature of alkyl halides 8.3 The structure and physical properties ofalkyl halides 8.4 Nucleophilic substitution reactions 8.5 Kinetics of a nucleophilic substitution reaction: an SN2 reaction 8.6 The reaction oftert-butyl chloride with hydroxide ion: an SN1 reaction 8.7 Factors affecting the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions 8.8 Organic synthesis: functional group transformations using SN2 reactions 8.9 Elimination reactions ofalkyl halides 8.10 Mechanisms of dehydrohalogenations 8.11 Substitution versus elimination 8.12 Overall summary ProblemsChapter 9 Benzene and Aromatic Chemistry 9.1 Structure of benzene and aromaticity 9.2 Nomenclature of benzene derivatives 9.3 Physical properties of benzene derivatives 9.4 Chemical properties of benzene derivatives 9.5 Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of substituted benzenes 9.6 Polycyclic aromatic compounds 9.7 Non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbons ProblemsChapter 10 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10.1 Structure of alcohols, phenols and ethers 10.2 Nomenclature of alcohols, phenols and ethers 10.3 "Physical properties of alcohols 10.4 Preparation of alcohols 10.5 Chemical properties of alcohols 10.6 Physical properties of phenols 10.7 Preparation of phenols 10.8 Chemical properties of phenols 10.9 Physical properties of ethers 10.10 Preparation of ethers 10.11 Chemical properties of ethers 10.12 Thiols, sulfides and disulfides ProblemsChapter 11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 11.1 Theoretical background 11.2 Shielding 11.3 Chemical shifts 11.4 Integration curve 11.5 Spin-spin coupling 11.6 The NMR spectrometer 11.7 13C-NMR 11.8 Medical application of NMR spectroscopy ProblemsChapter 12 Infrared Spectroscopy 12.1 Theoretical background 12.2 The infrared spectrometer 12.3 Characteristic absorption of functional groups 12.4 Identifying infrared spectra ProblemsChapter 13 Aldehydes and Ketones 13.1 Structure and bonding: the carbonyl group 13.2 Nomenclature 13.3 Physical properties 13.4 Preparation 13.5 Reactions of aldehydes and ketones 13.6 α, β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds ProblemsChapter 14 Carboxylie Acids and Lipids 14.1 Nomenclature of carboxylic acids and their derivatives 14.2 Structure and physical properties of carboxylic acids and their derivatives 14.3 Preparation ofcarboxylic acids 14.4 Acidity ofcarboxylic acids 14.5 Converting carboxylic acids to acid chlorides and acid anhydrides 14.6 Reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives with water as nucleophile 14.7 Reactions of carboxylic acids and acid derivatives with alcohols as nucleophile 14.8 Reactions ofcarboxylic acids and acid derivatives with amines as nucleophile 14.9 Reactions oforganometallic reagents with carboxylic acids and acid derivatives 14.10 Reductions ofcarboxylic acids and their derivatives 14.11 Other reaction of carboxylic acids and acid derivatives 14.12 Lactones 14.13 Lipids, waxes, fats, and oils 14.14 Derivatives of carbonic acid 14.15 Surface-active compounds and soaps 14.16 Gilbert Newton Lewis: American Chemist ProblemsChapter 15 Difunctional Compounds 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Nomenclature of difunctional compounds 15.3 Hydroxy aldehydes and ketones 15.4 Hydroxy acids 15.5 Dicarboxylic acids 15.6 Dicarbonyl compounds 15.7 Summary ProblemsChapter 16 Amines and Other Nitrogen-containing Compounds 16.1 Amines 16.2 Nitro compounds 16.3 Nitriles ProblemsChapter 17 Heterocyclic Compounds 17.1 Heterocyclic system 17.2 Classification and nomenclature of heterocycles 17.3 Structure and aromaticity of heterocycles 17.4 Five-membered unsaturated heterocycles 17.5 Si~-membered heterocyclic compound: pyridine 17.6 Quinoline and isoquinoline Problems Chapter 18 Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids 18.1 Structure and natural occurrence of carbohydrates 18.2 $tereochemistry of sugars 18.3 Structure of glucose 18.4 Reactions of monosaccharides 18.5 Disaccharides 18.6 Polysaccharides ProblemsChapter 19 Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic Acid 19.1 Structure and properties of amino acids 19.2 Peptides and proteins 19.3 Enzymes 19.4 Nucleoproteins and nucleic acidsChapter 20 Organometallic Compounds 20.1 Nomenclature 20.2 Preparation of organometallic compounds 20.3 Main reactions of organometallic compounds 20.4 Organocopper reagents 20.5 Organoaluminiums ProblemsChapter 21 Orbitals and Organic Chemistry--Pericyelic Reactions 21.1 introduction 21.2 Electrocyclic reactions 21.3 Cycloaddition reactions 21.4 Sigmatropic rearrangements ProblemsChapter 22 Organic Synthesis 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions 22.3 Planning a synthesis 22.4 Protecting groups 22.5 Green chemistry and atomic economy ProblemsReferencesIndex
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