Acknowledgements
中文摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Middle constructions in languages
1.2 The middle construction and middle semantics
1.3 Studies on middles: past and present
1.4 Methodology and procedures
1.5 Goals of this study
1.6 A sketch map of the thesis
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Middles in West-Germanic Languages
2.1 Semantic classification of middles
2.2 The syntactic features of middles in West-Germarric languages
2.2.1 Passive-participant subject and active morphology
2.2.2 Tense and aspect
2.2.3 Adverbial
2.3 Semantic characteristics of middles in West-Germanic languages
2.3.1 Agent irrelevance and the implicit argument
2.3.2 Time-irrelevance and genericity, non-eventiveness
2.3.3 Passive participant and responsibility of subject, causative modality
2.4 Selectional restrictions on verbs and adverbials in middles
2.4.1 Middable verbs
2.4.2 Selectional restriction on adverbial
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 The Realization of Middle Semantics in Chinese
3.1 Chinese qilai construction
3.2 A preliminary syntactic analysis of the qilai construction...
3.2.1 Chinese qilai construction is not an elliptical structure...
3.2.2 The structural parsing of qilai construction
3.2.3 Chinese qilai construction is active in morphology
3.3 Middle voice verbs and the middle construction
3.4 The realization of middle semantics in the qilai construction...
3.4.1 The implicit argument and the irrelevance of agent
3.4.2 The realization of non-eventiveness
3.4.3 Modality and responsibility of subject
3.4.4 Genericity
3.4.5 Adverb and adverbial effect
3.5 Restrictions on qilai construction
3.6 The status and function of qilai
3.7 Other issues in middles
3.7.1 对于/就……而言/来说 and for-phrase
3.7.2 自己 and oneself in middles
3.8 Summary
Chapter 4 Atypical Middles in Chinese and West-Germanic languages
4.1 Syntactic classification of middles
4.2 Adjunct middles in West-Germanic languages
4.2.1 What is adjunct?
4.2.2 The features of adjunct middles
4.3 Adjunct middles in Chinese
……
Chapter 5 Middles and Tough Constructions
Chapter 6 Middles and Syntactically Similar Constructions
Chapter 7 The Two MF Approaches and Their Problems
Chapter 8 A Cognitive Approach to Middle Construction
Chapter 9 Conditions on Middle Formation
Chapter 10 Integrating the Features of Middles
Chapter 11 Conclusion
References
Author Index
Subject Index
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