梭罗名人姓名:亨利·大卫·梭罗出生年代:1817-1862出生地︰马萨诸塞洲康科德名人职称: 散文家,诗人,自然主义者,改革家,哲学家名人国家:美国相关介绍:姓名:梭罗 性别:男 出生年月:1817-1862 国籍:美国梭罗,H.D.(HenryDavidThoreau1817-1862)。19世纪美国最具有世界影响力的作家、哲学家;梭罗在生前只出过两本书.第一本是他在1849年自费出版的《康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一星期》,此书是他在瓦尔登湖边的木屋里著写的,内容是哥儿俩在两两条河上旅行的一星期中大段大段议论文史哲学和宗教等等.虽精雕细刻,却晦涩难懂,没有引起什么反响,印行1000多册,售出100多册送掉75册,存下700多册,在书店仓库放到1853年,全部退给了作者,作者本人梭罗曾还诙谐地说:"我家里大约藏书900多册,其中自己著的就有700多册".第二本就是《瓦尔登湖》了,于1854年出版,150年来风行天下,不知出版了多少个版本。他强调亲近自然、学习自然、热爱自然,追求“简单些,再简单些”的质朴生活,提倡短暂人生因思想丰盈而臻于完美。他投入数十载的时间对野生果实、野草及森林演替进行观察研究,写出了《种子的信念》一书。[编辑本段]个人历史1. Henry David Thoreau was the last male descendant of a French ancestor who came to this country from the Isle of Guernsey. His character exhibited occasional traits drawn from this blood, in singular combination with a very strong Saxon genius.亨利?戴维?梭罗的祖先是从格恩西岛移民至美国的法国人。作为他家族的最后一位男性后裔,梭罗时不时地显示出他血脉中固有的特点以及非凡的撒克逊人与生俱来的天赋。2. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, on the 12th of July, 1817. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1837, but without any literary distinction. An iconoclast in literature, he seldom thanked colleges for their service to him, holding them in small esteem, whilst yet his debt to them was important. After leaving the University, he joined his brother in teaching a private school, which he soon renounced. His father was a manufacturer of lead-pencils, and Henry applied himself for a time to this craft, believing he could make a better pencil than was then in use. After completing his experiments, he exhibited his work to chemists and artists in Boston, and having obtained their certificates to its excellence and to its equality with the best London manufacture, he returned home contented. His friends congratulated him that he had now opened his way to fortune. But he replied that he should never make another pencil. “Why should I? I would not do again what I have done once.” He resumed his endless walks and miscellaneous studies, making every day some new acquaintance with Nature, though as yet never speaking of zoology or botany, since, though very studious of natural facts, he was incurious of technical and textual science.梭罗1817年7月12日出生于马萨诸塞州的康科德城。他在1837年毕业于哈佛大学,但是在文学上并没有获得优异的成绩。作为一个文学上的叛逆者,梭罗并不十分敬重大学的教育,也很少对他们有过感谢,但同时,他确实在大学里受益匪浅。离开大学以后,梭罗和他的哥哥共同任教于一所私立学校,但不久便辞职了。他的父亲是一位铅笔制造商,由于梭罗相信自己制作出的铅笔能够比当时使用的更好,他在一段时间曾专注于铅笔制造。完成试验后,梭罗向波士顿的化学家和艺术家展示自己的产品。他的产品以其与当时伦敦制造的最好产品相媲美的优质表现取得了专家们颁发的证书。满意地回家后,朋友们祝贺他找到了敛财之道,但是他却回答说他将放弃铅笔制造。“我为什么要继续呢?我不会再做我已经做过的事情。”他重新开始了他无止境的漫游和混杂的学习,虽然从不提及动物学、植物学上的名词,但是梭罗每天都对自然有新的认识。他热衷于自然现象,却对技术科学和考证科学毫无兴趣。3. He was a speaker and actor of the truth, born such, and was ever running into dramatic situations from this cause. In any circumstance it interested all bystanders to know what part Henry would take, and what he would say; and he did not disappoint expectation, but used an original judgment on each emergency. In 1845 he built himself a small frame house on the shores of Walden Pond, and lived there two years alone, a life of labor and study. This action was quite native and fit for him. No one who knew him would tax him with affectation. He was more unlike his neighbors in his thought than in his action. As soon as he had exhausted the advantages of that solitude, he abandoned it.梭罗生来是真理的行动者和发言人,并且一直都在这个事业中的戏剧性的情境中劳碌。无论在什么情况下,所有的旁观者都会饶有兴趣地想知道梭罗将扮演怎样的角色,会说怎样的话。在每个紧急时刻,他都有独到新颖的见解,不会令人失望。1845年,他在瓦尔登湖边为自己建造了一间小木屋,在那里居住的两年时间里,独自一人劳动、学习。这样朴素的生活非常适合他。真正认识他的人不会责备他矫揉造作。他更像是他们精神上的而不是行动上的邻居。他一享用完独处的益处后,马上结束了那种生活。在这时候他是一个强壮健康的青年,刚从大学里出来,他所有的友伴都在选择他们的职业,或是急于要开始担任某种报酬丰厚的职务,当然他也不免要想到这同一个问题;他这种能够抗拒一切通常的道路,保存他孤独自由的决心,实在是难得的——这需要付出极大的代价,辜负他的家人期望;因为他完全正直,他要自己绝对自主,也要每一个人都绝对自主,所以他的处境只有更艰难。但是梭罗从来没有踌躇。他是一个天生的倡异议者。他不肯为了狭窄的技艺或是职业而放弃他在学问和行动上的大志,他的目标是一种更广博的使命,一种艺术,能使我们好好地生活。如果他蔑视而且公然反抗别人的意见,那只是因为他一心一意要使他的行为与他自己的信仰协调。他从来不懒惰或是任性,他需要钱的时候,情愿做些与他性情相近的体力劳动来赚钱——-如造一只小船或是一道篱笆,种植,接技,测量,或是别的短期工作——-尔不愿长期地受雇。他有吃苦耐劳的习惯,生活上的需要又很少,又精通森林里的知识,算术又非常好,他在世界上任何地域都可以谋生。他可以比别人费较少的功夫来供给他的需要。所以他可以保证有闲暇的时间。