Preface to the Second Editon xi
jace to the Second Editon xi
Preface to the First Editon xv
jace to the First Editon xv
Important Terms andAbbreviations xvii
1. Attacks on Computers and Computer Security
1.1 intfoduction 11
1.2 The Need for Security 1
1.3 SecuritV Approaches 4
1.4 Principles of Security 7
1.5 TVves of Attacks 12
Summary 33
Multiple-choice Ouestions 34
pie-choice Questions 34
Exercises 36
Design/Programming Exercises 37
2. Cryptography: Concepts and Techniques 38
2.1 Intfoduction 38
2.2 Plain Text and Cipher Text 40
2.3 Substitution Techniques 41
2.4 Transposition Techniques 54
2.5 EncrVption and DecrVption 59
2.6 Symmetric and AsVmmetric Key Cryptography 62
2.7 Steganography 73
2.8 Key Range and Key Size 74
2.9 Possible TVves of Attacks 77
Multiple-choice Ouestions 83
pie-choice Questions 83
Exercises 85
Design/Programming Exercises 85
vin Contents
3. Symmetric Key Algorithms and AES 87
3.1 Introduction 87
3.2 Algorithm Types and Modes 87
3.3 An Overview of Symmetric Key Cryptography 98
3.4 Data Encryption Standard （DES） 100
3.5 International Data Encryption Algorithm （IDEA） 115
3.6 RC4 123
3.7 RCS 125
3.8 Blowfish 131
3.9 Advanced Encryption Standard （AES） 137
Summary 148
Multiple-choice Questions 150
Exercises 152
Design/Programming Exercises 152
4. Asymmetric Key Algorithms, Digital Signatures and RSA 153
4.1 Introduction 153
4.2 Brief History of Asymmetric Key Cryptography 153
4.3 An Overview of Asymmetric Key Cryptography 154
4.4 The RSA Algorithm 156
4.5 Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptography Together 160
4.6 Digital Signatures 165
4.7 KnapsackAlgorithm 197
4.8 Some Other Algorithms 198
Summary 201
Multiple——choice Questions 201
Exercises 203
Design/Programming Exercises 203
5. Digital Certificates and Public Key infrastructure （PKI） 205
5.1 Introduction 205
5.2 Digital Certificates 206
5.3 Private Key Management 237
5.4 The PKIX Model 239
5.5 Public Key Cryptography Standards （PKCS） 241
5.6 XML, PKI and Security 247
5.7 Creating Digital Certificates Using Java 252
Summary 260
Multiple-choice Questions 262
Exercises 263
Design/Programming Exercises 263
Contents ix
6. Internet Security Protocols 265
6.1 Introduction 265
6.2 Basic Concepts 265
6.3 Secure Socket Layer （SSL） 272
6.4 Transport Layer Security （TLS） 284
6.5 Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol （SHTTP） 284
6.6 Time Stamping Protocol （TSP） 285
6.7 Secure Electronic Transaction （SET） 286
6.8 SSL Versus SET 298
6.9 3-D Secure Protocol 299
6.10 Electronic Money 302
6.11 Email Security 307
6.12 Wireless Application Protocol （WAP） Security 327
6.13 Security in GSM 330
6.14 Security in 3G 332
Summary 335
Multiple-choice Questions 337
Exercises 338
Design/Programming Exercises 339
7. User Authentication and Kerberos 340
7.1 Intfoduction 340
7.2 Authentication Basics 340
7.3 Passwords 341
7.4 Authentication Tokens 354
7.5 Certificate-based Authentication 365
7.6 Biometric Authentication 371
7.7 Kerberos 372
7.8 Key Distribution Center （KDC） 378
7.9 Security Handshake Pitfalls 379
7.10 Single Sign On （SSO） Approaches 387
Summary 388
Multiple-choice Questions 390
Exercises 391
Design/Programming Exercises 391
8. Cryptography in lava, .NET and Operating Systems 393
8.1 Intfoduction 393
8.2 Cryptographic Solutions Using Java 393
8.3 Cryptographic Solutions Using Microsoft .NET Framework 400
8.4 Cryptographic Toolkits 403
x Contents
8.5 Security and Operating Systems 404
8.6 Database Security 409
Summary 426
Multiple-choice Questions 427
Exercises 428
Design/Programming Exercises 428
9. Network Security, Firewalls and Virtual Private Networks （VPN） 430
9.1 Intfoduction 430
9.2 Brief introduction to TCP/IP 430
9.3 Firewalls 435
9.4 lP Security 452
9.5 Virtual Private Networks （VPN） 469
9.6 Intrusion 472
Summary 476
Multiple-choice Questions 478
Exercises 479
Design/Programming Exercises 480
10. Case Studies on Cryptography and Security 481
10.1 Introduction 481
10.2 Cryptographic Solutions——A Case Study 481
10.3 Single Sign On （SSO） 488
10.4 Secure inter-branch Payment Transactions 491
10.5 Denial Of Service （DOS） Attacks 496
10.6 lP Spoofing Attacks 498
10.7 Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability （CSSV） 499
10.8 Contract Signing 501
10.9 Secret Splitting 501
10.10 Virtual Elections 502
10.11 Secure Multiparty Calculation 504
10.12 Creating a VPN 505
10.13 Cookies and Privacy 506
APPendix A: Mathematical Background 507
APPendix B: Number Systems 516
APPendix C: Information Theory 521
APPendix D: Real-ide TOols 523
APPendix E: Web Resources 524
APPendix F: A Brief introduction tO ASN, BER, DER 527
References 533
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