Part One Sounds of English
Unit One Introduction
1.1 Sound Production: Resonators and Speech Organs
1.2 Manners of Articulation and Places of Articulation
1.3 General Classification of Speech Sounds
Unit Two Vowels and Diphthongs
2.1 Front Vowels
2.1.1 /i:/
2.1.2 /I/
2.1.3 /e/
2.1.4 /se/
2.2 Central Vowels
2.2.1 /o/
2.2.2 /o:/
2.2.3 /^/
2.3 Back Vowels
2.3.1 /u:/
2.3.2 /o/
2.3.3 /a:/
2.3.4 /u/
2.3.5 /u:/
2.4 Diphthongs
2.4.1 /el/
2.4.2 /au/
2.4.3 /al/
2.4.4 /au/
2.4.5 /ai/
2.4.6 /IO/
2.4.7 /eo/
2.4.8 /uo/
2.5 Exercises
Unit Three Semivowels
3.1 /j/
3.2 /w/
3.3 Exercises
Unit Four Consonants
4.1 Plosive Consonants
4.1.1 /p,b/
4.1.2 /t, d/
4.1.3 /k, 9/
4.1.4 Incomplete Plosion
4.2 Nasal Consonants
4.2.1 /m/
4.2.2 /n/
4.2.3 /13/
4.2. 4 Nasal Plosion
4.3 Lateral Consonants
4.3. 1 Variants of/1/
4.3.2 Clear/1/
4.3.3 Dark/I/
4.3. 4 Lateral Plosion
4.4 Fricative Cohsonants
4.4. 1 /f,v/
4.4.2 /0,6/
4. 4.3 /s, z/
4.4.4 /j, 5/
4.4.5 /h/
4.4.6 /r/
4.5 Affricative Consonants
4.5.1 t f, ds/
4.5.2 /tr, dr/
4.5.3 /ts, dz/
4.6 Exercises
Part Two Sounds in Connected Speech
Unit Five Consonant Cluster
5.1 Initial Cluster
5.2 Final Cluster
5.3 Exercises
Unit Six Stress
6.1 Theoretical Introduction
6.2 Word Stress
6.2.1 Stress Patterns
6.2.2 Stress Shifts
6.3 Sentence Stress
6.3.1 Content Words v Function Words
6.3.2 Rules for Variations in Sentence Stress
6.4 Exercises
Unit Seven Rhythm
7.1 Theoretical Introduction
7.2 Practice on Rhythm Patterns
7.3 Exercises
Unit Eight Weakening
8.1 Strong and Weak Forms
8.2 Other Forms of Weakening
8.3 Exercises
Unit Nine Elision :
9.1 Vowels
9.2 Consonants
9.3 Exercises
Unit Ten Assimilation
10. 1 Progressive Assimilation
10. 2 Regressive Assimilation
10. 3 Reciprocal or Double Assimilation
10. 4 Exercises
Unit Eleven Liaison (Sound-linking)
11.1 Consonant ~ Vowel
11.2 Vowel q- Vowel
11.3 r+ Vowel
11.4 Exercises
12.1 Theoretical Introduction
12.2 Pitch
12.3 Method of Showing Intonation
12.3.1 Type One. Sentences of Falling Intonation
12.3. 2 Type Two: Sentences of Rising Intonation
12.3.3 Type Three: Sentences of Fall-Rise
12.3.4 Type Four: Sentences of Rise-Fall
12.3.5 Type Five: Sentences of Rise-Fall-Rise
12.3.6 Type Six: Sentences of Level Intonation
12.4 Exercises
Unit Thirteen Analysis of a Passage for Pausing
13.1 Theoretical Introduction
13.9. Examples for Pausing in Passages
Bibliography
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