Preface ix
About the Author xiv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Computer Security Concepts 3
1.2 The OSI Security Architecture 8
1.3 Security Attacks 9
1.4 Security Services 13
1.5 Security Mechanisms 16
1.6 A Model for Network Security 19
1.7 Standards 21
1.8 Outline of This Book 21
1.9 Recommended Reading 22
1.10 Internet and Web Resources 23
1.11 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 25
PART ONE CRYPTOGRAPHY 27
Chapter 2 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 27
2.1 Symmetric Encryption Principles 28
2.2 Symmetric Block Encryption Algorithms 34
2.3 Random and Pseudorandom Numbers 42
2.4 Stream Ciphers and RC4 45
2.5 Cipher Block Modes of Operation 50
2.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 55
2.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 56
Chapter 3 Public-Key Cryptography and Message Authentication 61
3.1 Approaches to Message Authentication 62
3.2 Secure Hash Functions 67
3.3 Message Authentication Codes 73
3.4 Public-Key Cryptography Principles 79
3.5 Public-Key Cryptography Algorithms 83
3.6 Digital Signatures 90
3.7 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 90
3.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 91
PART TWO NETWORK SECURITY APPLICATIONS 97
Chapter 4 Key Distribution and User Authentication 97
4.1 Symmetric Key Distribution Using Symmetric Encryption 98
4.2 Kerberos 99
4.3 Key Distribution Using Asymmetric Encryption 114
4.4 X.509 Certificates 116
4.5 Public-Key Infrastructure 124
4.6 Federated Identity Management 126
4.7 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 132
4.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 133
Chapter 5 Transport-Level Security 139
5.1 Web Security Considerations 140
5.2 Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security 143
5.3 Transport Layer Security 156
5.4 HTTPS 160
5.5 Secure Shell (SSH) 162
5.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 173
5.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 173
Chapter 6 Wireless Network Security 175
6.1 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Overview 177
6.2 IEEE 802.11iWireless LAN Security 183
6.3 Wireless Application Protocol Overview 197
6.4 Wireless Transport Layer Security 204
6.5 WAP End-to-End Security 214
6.6 Recommended Reading andWeb Sites 217
6.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 218
Chapter 7 Electronic Mail Security 221
7.1 Pretty Good Privacy 222
7.2 S/MIME 241
7.3 DomainKeys Identified Mail 257
7.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 264
7.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 265
Appendix 7A Radix-64 Conversion 266
Chapter 8 IP Security 269
8.1 IP Security Overview 270
8.2 IP Security Policy 276
8.3 Encapsulating Security Payload 281
8.4 Combining Security Associations 288
8.5 Internet Key Exchange 292
8.6 Cryptographic Suites 301
8.7 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 302
8.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 303
PART THI~ SYSTEM SECURITY 305
Chapter 9 Intruders 305
9.1 Intruders 307
9.2 Intrusion Detection 312
9.3 Password Management 323
9.4 Recommended Reading andWeb sites 333
9.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 334
Appendix 9A The Base-Rate Fallacy 337
Chapter 10 Malicious Soft-ware 340
10.1 Types of Malicious Software 341
10.2 Viruses 346
10.3 Virus Countermeasures 351
10.4 Worms 356
10.5 Distributed Denial of Service Attacks 365
10.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 370
10.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 371
Chapter 11 Firewalls 374
11.1 The Need for Firewalls 375
11.2 Firewall Characteristics 376
11.3 Types of Firewalls 378
11.4 Firewall Basing 385
11.5 Firewall Location and Configurations 388
11.6 Recommended Reading andWeb Site 393
11.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 394
APPENDICES 398
Appendix A Some Aspects of Number Theory 398
A.1 Prime and Relatively Prime Numbers 399
A.2 Modular Arithmetic 401
Appendix B Projects for Teaching Network Security 403
B.1 Research Projects 404
B.2 Hacking Project 405
B.3 Programming Projects 405
B.4 Laboratory Exercises 406
B.5 Practical Security Assessments 406
B.6 Writing Assignments 406
B.7 Reading/Report Assignments 407
Index 408
ONLINE CHAPTERS
Chapter 12 Network Management Security
12.1 Basic Concepts of SNMP
12.2 SNMPvl Community Facility
12.3 SNMPv3
12.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites
12.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 13 Legal and Ethical Aspects
13.1 Cybercrime and Computer Crime
13.2 Intellectual Property
13.3 Privacy
13.4 Ethical Issues
13.5 Recommended Reading and Web Sites
13.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
ONLINE APPENDICES
Appendix C Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations
C.1 The Importance of Standards
C.2 Internet Standards and the Internet Society
C.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology
Appendix D TCP/IP and OSI
D.1 Protocols and Protocol Architectures
D.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
Do3 The Role of an Internet Protocol
D.4 IPv4
D.5 IPv6
D.6 The OSI Protocol Architecture
Appendix E Pseudorandom Number Generation
E.1 PRNG Requirements
E.2 PRNG Using a Block Cipher
E.3 PRNG Using a Hash Function or Message Authentication Code
Appendix F Kerberos Encryption Techniques
E.1 Password-to-Key Transformation
E.2 Propagating Cipher Block Chaining Mode
Appendix G Data Compression Using ZIP
G.1 Compression Algorithm
G.2 Decompression Algorithm
Appendix H PGP Random Number Generation
H.1 True Random Numbers
H.2 Pseudorandom Numbers
Appendix I The International Reference Alphabet
Glossary
References
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