Chapter 1: Refactoring, a First Example 1
The Starting Point 1
The First Step in Refactoring 7
Decomposing and Redistributing the Statement Method 8
Replacing the Conditional Logic on Price Code with Polymorphism 34
Final Thoughts 52
Chapter 2: Principles in Refactoring 53
Defining Refactoring 53
Why Should You Refactor 55
When Should You Refactor 57
What Do I Tell My Manager 60
Problems with Refactoring 62
Refactoring and Design 66
Refactoring and Performance 69
Where Did Refactoring Come From 71
Chapter 3: Bad Smells in Code (by Kent Beck and Martin Fowler) 75
Duplicated Code 76
Long Method 76
Large Class 78
Long Parameter List 78
Divergent Change 79
Shotgun Surgery 80
Feature Envy 80
Data Clumps 81
Primitive Obsession 81
Switch Statements 82
Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies 83
Lazy Class 83
Speculative Generality 83
Temporary Field 84
Message Chains 84
Middle Man 85
Inappropriate Intimacy 85
Alternative Classes with Different Interfaces 85
Incomplete Library Class 86
Data Class 86
Refused Bequest 87
Comments 87
Chapter 4: Building Tests 89
The Value of Self-testing Code 89
The JUnit Testing Framework 91
Adding More Tests 97
Chapter 5: Toward a Catalog of Refactorings 103
Format of the Refactorings 103
Finding References 105
How Mature Are These Refactorings 106
Chapter 6: Composing Methods 109
Extract Method 110
Inline Method 117
Inline Temp 119
Replace Temp with Query 120
Introduce Explaining Variable 124
Split Temporary Variable 128
Remove Assignments to Parameters 131
Replace Method with Method Object 135
Substitute Algorithm 139
Chapter 7: Moving Features Between Objects 141
Move Method 142
Move Field 146
Extract Class 149
Inline Class 154
Hide Delegate 157
Remove Middle Man 160
Introduce Foreign Method 162
Introduce Local Extension 164
Chapter 8: Organizing Data 169
Self Encapsulate Field 171
Replace Data Value with Object 175
Change Value to Reference 179
Change Reference to Value 183
Replace Array with Object 186
Duplicate Observed Data 189
Change Unidirectional Association to Bidirectional 197
Change Bidirectional Association to Unidirectional 200
Replace Magic Number with Symbolic Constant 204
Encapsulate Field 206
Encapsulate Collection 208
Replace Record with Data Class 217
Replace Type Code with Class 218
Replace Type Code with Subclasses 223
Replace Type Code with State/Strategy 227
Replace Subclass with Fields 232
Chapter 9: Simplifying Conditional Expressions 237
Decompose Conditional 238
Consolidate Conditional Expression 240
Consolidate Duplicate Conditional Fragments 243
Remove Control Flag 245
Replace Nested Conditional with Guard Clauses 250
Replace Conditional with Polymorphism 255
Introduce Null Object 260
Introduce Assertion 267
Chapter 10: Making Method Calls Simpler 271
Rename Method 273
Add Parameter 275
Remove Parameter 277
Separate Query from Modifier 279
Parameterize Method 283
Replace Parameter with Explicit Methods 285
Preserve Whole Object 288
Replace Parameter with Method 292
Introduce Parameter Object 295
Remove Setting Method 300
Hide Method 303
Replace Constructor with Factory Method 304
Encapsulate Downcast 308
Replace Error Code with Exception 310
Replace Exception with Test 315
Chapter 11: Dealing with Generalization 319
Pull Up Field 320
Pull Up Method 322
Pull Up Constructor Body 325
Push Down Method 328
Push Down Field 329
Extract Subclass 330
Extract Superclass 336
Extract Interface 341
Collapse Hierarchy 344
Form Template Method 345
Replace Inheritance with Delegation 352
Replace Delegation with Inheritance 355
Chapter 12: Big Refactorings (by Kent Beck and Martin Fowler) 359
Tease Apart Inheritance 362
Convert Procedural Design to Objects 368
Separate Domain from Presentation 370
Extract Hierarchy 375
Chapter 13: Refactoring, Reuse, and Reality (by William Opdyke) 379
A Reality Check 380
Why Are Developers Reluctant to Refactor Their Programs 381
A Reality Check (Revisited) 394
Resources and References for Refactoring 394
Implications Regarding Software Reuse and Technology Transfer 395
A Final Note 397
References 397
Chapter 14: Refactoring Tools (by Don Roberts and John Brant) 401
Refactoring with a Tool 401
Technical Criteria for a Refactoring Tool 403
Practical Criteria for a Refactoring Tool 405
Wrap Up 407
Chapter 15: Putting It All Together (by Kent Beck) 409
References 413
List of Soundbites 417
Index 419
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