Chapter One International Trade
1.1 International Trade
1.2 Definition of International Trade
l.3 Reasons for International Trade
1.3.1 Resource Reasons
1.3.2 Economic Reasons
1.3.3 Other Reasons
1.4 The Differences Between InternationalTrade and Domestic Trade
1.5 Forms of International Trade
1.5.1 Export Trade, Import Tradeand Transit Trade
1.5.2 Direct Trade,IndirectTrade and Entrepot Trade
1.5.3 Visible Goods Trade andInvisible Goods Trade
1.5.4 Barter Trade andFree-liquidation Trade
1.6 Benefits from International Trade
1.6.1 Economic Growth
1.6.2 Cheaper Goods andServices
1.6.3 Greater Variety
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Two Intemational Business Correspondence
2.1 The Essence of Business Letters
2.2 Elements of Business Letters
2.2.1 Letterhead
2.2.2 Reference
2.2.3 Date
2.2.4 Inside Address
2.2.5 Attention Line
2.2.6 Salutation
2.2.7 Subject Line
2.2.8 Body of a Letter
2.2.9 Complimentary Close
2.2.10 Signature
2.2.11 IEC (Initials,Enclosuresand Carbon Copies Block)
2.2.12 Postscript
2.3 Envelope Addressing
2.4 Business Letter Format andOutline
2.4.1 Format
2.4.2 Outline
2.5 Basic Principles for BusinessLetters
Specimen Letters
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Three International Trade Terms
3.1 Components of Trade Terms
3.2 INCOTERMS
3.2.1 Scope of INCOTERMS
3.2.2 Structure of INCOTERMS2000
3.2.3 Common Issues
3.3 Interpretation of Trade Terms inINCOTERMS 2000
3.3.1 Group E--Departure
3.3.2 Group F--Main CarriageUnpaid (by Seller)
3.3.3 Group C--Main CarriagePaid (by Seller)
3.5.4 Group D--Arrival
3.4 Contrasts between FOB,CFR and CIF
3.5 Considerations for Choosing TradeTerms
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Four Establishing Business Relations
4.1 The Significance of EstablishingBusiness Relations
4.2 The Channels of Establishing BusinessRelations
4.3 Information Collection of theProspective Clients
4.4 Some Skills in Establishing BusinessRelations
4.4.1 Skills for Writing a FirstLetter to a Prospective Corporation
4.4.2 Skills for Replying aLetter
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Five Enquiry and Offer
5.1 Enquiry
5.2 Offer
5.2.1 Firm Offer
5.2.2 Non-firm Offer
5.2.3 Proforma Invoice:a SpecialOffer
5.3 Counter-Offer
5.4 Counter-Counter-Offer
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Six Acceptance, Order and BusinessContract
6.1 Acceptance
6.2 Order
6.3 Business Contract
6.3.1 Contracts
6.3.2 Confirmation
6.3.3 Significance and Functionof Contract
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Seven International Payment
7.1 Nature of International Payment
7.2 Instruments of InternationalPayment
7.2.1 Draft
7.2.2 Promissory Note
7.2.3 Cheek
7.3 Methods of International Payment
7.3.1 Cash in Advance
7.3.2 Documentary Letter ofCredit
7.3.3 DocumentaryCollection
7.3.4 Open Account
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Eight Letter of Credit
8.1 Nature of Letters of Credit
8.2 Procedures of Letter of CreditOperations
8.2.1 Issuance of Letter ofCredit
8.2.2 Amendment of Letters ofCredit
8.2.3 Utilization of Letters ofCredit
8.3 Considerations in Using L/C
8.3.1 Points for Attention inUsing L/C
8.3.2 L/C Risks and L/C RiskPrevention
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Nine International Cargo Transportation
9.1 Ocean Transportation
9.1.1 Liner Transportation
9.1.2 CharterTransportation
9.2 Shipping Documents
9.2.1 Packing List
9.2.2 Booking Note
9.2.3 Shipping Order
9.2.4 Mate's Receipt
9.2.5 Bill of Lading
9.3 Clause of Shipment
9.3.1 Packing and Marking
9.3.2 Time of Shipment and Timeof Delivery
9.3.3 Port of Shipment and Portof Destination
9.3.4 Partial Shipment andTransshipment
9.3.5 Shipping Instruction andShipping Advice
9.4 Other Modes of Transportation
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Ten Insurance
10.1 Fundamental Principles of CargoInsurance
10.2 Risks and Losses in CargoTransport
10.2.1 Risks
10.2.2 Losses
10.2.3 Expenses
10.3 Ocean Marine Insurance underC.I.C
10.3.1 Basic RisksCoverage
10.3.2 Additional RisksCoverage
10.4 Insurance Practice of InternationalTrade
10.4.1 Insured Amount
10.4.2 Insurance Premium
10.4.3 Insurance Document
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Eleven Inspection,Claim, Force Majeure andArbitration
11.1 Commodity Inspection
11.1.1 P]ace and Time ofInspection
11.1.2 Inspection Bodies
11.1.3 InspectionStandards
11.1.4 Major InspectionCertificates
11.1.5 Inspection Clause in theSales Contracts
11.2 Complaints and Claims
11.2.1 Types of Claim
11.2.2 Claim Clause in SalesContracts
11.3 Force Majeure
11.3.1 Consequences of ForceMajeure
11.3.2 Force Majeure Clause inSales Contracts
11.4 Arbitration
11.4.1 The Definition ofArbitration
11.4.2 Features of theArbitration
11.4.3 ArbitrationProcedures
11.4.4 Arbitration Clause inSales Contracts
Specimen Letters
Skill Training
Technical Terms
Exercises
Chapter Twelve Import and Export Procedures
12.1 General Procedures of ExportTransaction
12.1.1 Preparations forExporting
12.1.2 Negotiation of a SalesContract
12.1.3 Performance of theContract
12.1.4 Settlement ofDisputes
12.1.5 Flowchart of ExportProcedure
12.2 General Procedures of ImportTransaction
12.2.1 Preparations forImporting
12.2.2 Trade Negotiation
12.2.3 Performance of theContract
12.2.4 Settlement ofDisputes
12.3 Export Documentation
12.3.1 Role ofDocumentation
12.3.2 Export Documents
Technical Terms
Exercises
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