环境监测

Chapter One Introduction绪论 Section 1.1 The Environment and Environmental Monitoring环境和环境监测 1.1.1 The Environment环境 1.1.2 Environmental Monitoring环境监测 Section 1.2 Purposes and Types of EnvironmentalMonitoring环境监测的目的及类型 1.2.1 Purposes 0f Environmental Monitoring环境监测的目的 1.2.2 TvDes 0f Environmental Monitoring环境监测的类型 Section 1.3 Parameters of Environmental Monitoring环境监测的参数 1.3.1 Chemical Parameters化学参数 1.3.2 Biological Parameters生物参数 1.3.3 Microbiological Parameters微生物参数 1.3.4 Population种群 Section 1.4 Methods 0f Environmental Monitoring环境监测的方法 1.4.1 Grab Samples瞬时样品 1.4.2 Semicontinuous Monitoring and Continuous 半连续和连续监测 1.4.3 Remote Surveillance远程控制 1.4.4 Remote Sensing遥感 1.4.5 Bio—Monitoring生物监测 1.4.6 Other Methods其他采样监测 Section 1.5 current and Future Status of EM环境监测的现状及未来 1.5.1 Current Status of Environmental Monitoring环境监测的现状 1.5.2 Future Status of Environmental Monitoring 环境监测的未来Chapter Two Water and Wastewater Monitoring水和废水监测 Section 2.1 Designing a Monitoring Program监测方案的制定 2.1.1 Purpose of Monitoring监测的目的 2.1.2 Objectives of Water Quality Monitoring监测的对象 2.1.3 Preliminary Surveys初步调查 2.1.4 Description ofthe Monitoring Area监测区域描述 2.1.5 Selecting Sampling Sites采样点的选择 2.1.6 Selecting Sampling Stmions采样点位的选择 2.1.7 Monitoring Variables监测项目 2.1.8 Frequency and Timing of Sampling采样频率及时间 Section 2.2 Field Work And Sampling现场工作及采样 2.2.1 Sample Containers水样容器 2.2.2 Typ~s of Sample水样类型 2.2.3 Water Samplers水采样器 2.2.4 Manual Sampling Procedures人工采样过程 2.2.5 Recording Field Observations现场记录 2.2.6 Sample Preservation样品保存 2.2.7 Transportation and Storage of Samples样品的储存和运输 2.2.8 Safety during Field Work现场安全 2.2.9 Quality Assurance in the Field现场质量控制 2.2.10 Field Tests现场测定 Section 2.3 Physical Index Tests物理指标检测 2.3.1 Temperature温度 2.3.2 Color色度 2.3.3 Turbidity浊度 2.3.4 Transparency透明度 2.3.5 Total Dissolved Solids总溶解固体 2.3.6 Total Suspended Solids总悬浮物 2.3.7 Conductivity（or Specific Conductance） 电导率 Section 2.4 Metal Compounds Determination金属化合物的测定 2.4.1 Aluminium铝 2.4.2 Calcium钙 2.4.3 Iron铁 2.4.4 Cadmium，Chromium，Copper，Lead，Nickel，Tin，Zinc镉、铬、铜、铅、镍、锡、锌 Section 2.5 Non—metal Inorganic Compounds Determination非金属无机物测定 2.5.1Acidity酸度 2.5.2 Alkalimity碱度 2.5.3 pH 2.5.4 Dissolved Oxygen溶解氧 2.5.5 Fluoride氟 2.5.6 Nitrogen，Ammonia氨氮 2.5.7 Nitrogen，Kjeldahl凯氏氮 2.5.8 Nitrogen，Nitrate硝酸盐氮 2.5.9 Nitrogen，Nitrite亚硝酸盐氮 2.5.10 Phosphorus磷 Section 2.6 Organic Pollutants Determination有机污染物的测定 2.6.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand生化需氧量 2.6.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand化学需氧量 2.6.3 Total Organic Carbon总有机碳 2.6.4 Oil and Grease油与脂 Section 2.7 Sediment Measurement沉积物监测 2.7.1 The Aims of Sediment Measurement沉积物监测的目的 2.7.2 Types of Sediment Transpoa沉积物迁移的类型 2.7.3 Sediment Measurement沉积物测定 2.7.4 Sampling for Sediment沉积物采样 2.7.5 Measuring Suspended Sediment悬浮沉积物的测量Chapter Three Air Quality Monitoring空气质量监测 Section 3.1 Basic Knowledge About Air Pollution空气污染基本知识 3.1.1 Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere大气结构及组成 3.1.2 Air Pollution and Air Pollutants空气污染和空气污染物 3.1.3 Sources and Health Effects of Air Pollution空气污染来源及危害 3.1.4 Air Quality Index空气质量指数 Section 3.2 Air Monitoring Design空气监测方案的制定 3.2.1 Initial Surveys初始调查 3.2.2 Sampling Plan Design采样方案制定 3.2.3 Sampling Objectives采样目标 3.2.4 Types of Monitoring监测类型 3.2.5 Location and Number of Individual SamplingPoints采样位置和采样点数 3.2.6 Time，Duration and Frequency of SamplingEvents采样时间、持续时间、频率 3.2.7 Meteorological and Physical／ChemicalConsiderations应考虑的气象及物理／化学因素 3.2.8 Calculations计算 Section 3.3 Air Monitoring Methods空气监测方法 3.3.1 Manual Methods人工方法 3.3.2 Instrumental Monitoring Methods仪器监测方法 3.3.3 Monitoring Methods Used for Specific Pollutants特殊污染物监测方法Chapter Four Soil Quality Monitoring土壤质量监测 Section 4.1 Basic Knowledge On Soil土壤的基本知识 4.1.1 Soil Formation and Structure土壤构成及结构 4.1.2 Soil Characteristics土壤性质 4.1.3 Soil Pollution土壤污染 Section 4.2 Soil Quality Monitoring Plan土壤质量监测方案 4.2.1 Purpose of Soil Sampling土壤采样的目的 4.2.2 Soil Sampling in Agriculture农业土壤采样 4.2.3 Vadose Zone Sampling for PollutionCharacterization包气带污染特性采样 4.2.4 Sample Collection样品采集 4.2.5 Sample Prepare样品准备 Section 4.3 Soil Analyses土壤分析 4.3.1 pH 4.3.2 Electrical Conductivity（EC） 电导率 4.3.3 Nitrogen（N） 氮 4.3.4 Phosphorus（P）磷 4.3.5 Cation Exchange Capacity（CEC） 阳离子交换容量 4.3.6 Free Lime游离碳酸盐 4.3.7 Sulfur（S）硫 4.3.8 Copper（Cu），Iron（Fe），Manganese（Mn），and Zinc（Zn）铜、铁、锰、锌 4.3.9 Boron（B）硼 4.3.10 Molybdenum（Mo） 钼 4.3.11 Organic Matter（OM）有机物质 4.3.12 Potassium（K），Calcium（Ca），Magnesium（Mg），andSodium（Na）钾、钙、镁、钠 4.3.13 Exchangeable Sodium Percentage（ESP）and Sodium AdsorptionRatio（SAR）可交换钠百分数及钠吸附率Chapter Five Sofid Waste Monitoring固体废物监测 Section 5.1 Basic Knowledge On Solid Waste固体废物的基本知识 5.1.1 Definition and Types of Solid Waste固体废物的定义和分类 5.1.2 Hazardous Wastes and their Characteristics危险废物及其特性 Section 5.2 Solid Waste Sampling Considerations 固体废物采样中注意事项 5.2.1 Health and Safety健康安全 5.2.2 Interferences干扰因素 5.2.3 Equipment and Supplies设备及装备 5.2.4 Sample Collection样品采集 5.2.5 Handling，Preservation，and Storage样品处理、保存及储存 Section 5.3 Methods For Hazardous Characteristic Detection危害性监测方法 5.3.1 Methods for Determining the Characterisitics ofIgnitabilitv易燃性检测方法 5.3.2 Methods for Determining the Characterisitics 0fCorrosivitv腐蚀性检测方法 5.3.3 Methods for Determining the Charaeterisitics ofReactivitv反应性检测方法 5.3.4 Methods for Determining the Characterisitics ofToxicity毒性检测方法Chapter Six Noise Monitoring噪声监测 Section 6.1 Basic Knowledge On Noise Pollution噪声污染基本知识 6.1.1 Sound，Noise，and Noise Pollution声音，噪声及噪声污染 6.1.2 Basic Knowledge of Acoustical Measurements声学测量的基本知识 Section 6.2 Noise Monitoring噪声监测 6.2.1 Monitoring Objectives监测目的 6.2.2 Monitoring Instrumentation监测仪器 6.2.3 Monitoring I~cations监测地点 6.2.4 Sampling采样 6.2.5 Calibration and Quality Assurance校准及质量保证Chapter Seven Environmental Radiation Monitoring环境放射性监测 Section 7.1 Radiation And Radiation Pollution放射及放射污染 7.1.1 Radiation放射 7.1.2 Radiation Pollution放射污染 Section 7.2 Radiation Samples Collection放射性监测仪器 7.2.1 Area Survey Meters区域放射性测量仪 7.2.2 Individual Monitoring Detectors个人放射性测量仪 Section 7.3 Radiation Samples Collection放射性样品采集 7.3.1 Air Particulate Sampling大气颗粒物采样 7.3.2 Precipitation Sampling降雨采样 7.3.3 Water Sampling水体采样Chapter Eight Modern Environmental Monitoring Technologies现代环境监测技术 Section 8.1 Automated Data Acquisition and Processing数据自动采集与处理 8.1.1 Measurement Concepts测量概念 8.1.2 Automated Measurement 自动测量 8.1.3 Sensors and Transducers传感器与转换器 8.1.4 The Data Acquisition System数据采集系统 8.1.5 Types of Data Acquisition Systems数据采集系统类型 8.1.6 Data Management and Quality Control数据管理及质量控制 Section 8.2 Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring环境遥感监测 8.2.1 Physical Principles of Remote Sensing遥感物理原理 8.2.2 Optical Properties of Earth Surface Materials地表物质的光学性能参考文献